Test One Flashcards
What are the two aspects of the machine safety and health program?
Guards and training
What are the purpose of/modes of guards
evaluating machine energy and movement hazards present during normal production, servicing and maintenance hsall address machine hazards through: guarding, lockout/tagout, periodi visual checks of guards, investigation/notification
What is covered under training for machine safety and health program
lockout/tagout, employee responsibilities under and the elements of MSHP, presented in a proficient language, and retrain as needed
General description of risk
as frequency goes up , consequence goes down. There is a line of acceptabiliy
System safety definition
formal engineering discipline and process for identifying and controlling hazards, and the risk associated with these hazards
Second Law of Thermodynamics
entropy of any isolated system always increases. isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium. BASICALLY the entropy of the universe only increases
Definition of Hazard analysis
the basic key component of the system safety process.
Levels of Risk severity on risk assessment matrix
High, serioius, medium, low, eliminated
Axis on risk assesment matrix
probability and severity
True/False: Absolute safety is not possible because complete freedom from all hazardous conditions is not always possible
True. particularly when dealing with complex inherently hazardous systems
True/False: The objective becomes to develop a system with no mishap risk
False: realistic objective becomes that of developing a system with acceptable mishap risk
System safety requires that….
risk be evaluated, and the level of risk accepted or rejected by an appropriate decision authority
Fundamental objective of system safety is to
identify, eliminate or control, and document system hazards. Cradle to grave
Heirarchy of Hazard Control
Avoidance Eliminate Substitution Engineering Controls Warning Administrative Control PPe
Three types of risk in engineering systems
- Were acceptable at the time of design or in the work plan
- Risks that come from abnormal conditions
- Risks associated with design or planning errors
Risk assessment techniques attempt to
identify (causes of failure), rate, establish(conditions udner which the failure has greatest likelihood of occurance and/or gravest consequence)
Ways to treat risk
Avoidance Mitigation Transfer (Insurance) Acceptance Ignore (UFO)
True of false: Proactive preventative approaches to safety during design process is more cost-effective
True.
Define DFS
Design for safety is a process that utilizes the system safety process ot intentionally design-in safety. Anticipates and eliminates
Define SSP
System safety program is a formal approach to eliminate hazards through engineering, design, education, management policy, and supervisory control of conditions and practices.
What are the three layers in evaluating a system
the system
your lens
the information
What is the goal of system safety
The protection of life, systems, equipment, and the environment
What is the objective of system safety?
elimination of hazards that can result in death, injury, system loss, and damage to the environment. If not eliminate, reduce risk of mishap through design control measures
How is reducing mishap risk achieved?
reducing the probability of the mishap and/or severity of the mishap
Alternative system safety definition
the application of engineering and management principles, criteria, and techniques to achieve acceptable risk within the constraints of operational effectiveness and suitability, time, and cost throughout all phases of the system life cycle
System Safety Engineering
An engineering discipline that employs specialized knowledge and skills in applying scientific and engineering principles, criteria, and techniques to identify hazards and then to eliminate the hazards or reduce the associated risks when the hazards cannot be eliminated.
System Safety Management
All plans and actions taken to identify hazards; assess and mitigate associated risks; and track, control, accept, and document risks encountered in the design, development, test, acquitision, use and disposal of systems, subsystems, equipment, and infrastructure
Basic concept of system safety
formal process of designing-in safety by designing-out hazards or reducing the mishap risk of hazards
Core system safety process
safety plan, identify hazards, assess hazard risk, identify safety measures, reduce risk, verify risk reduction, review hazards and risk, track hazards
What does the system safety progam plan specify?
all of the safety tasks that will be performed, including the specific hazards analyses, reports, etc
What are the theories of accident causation?
domino human factors accident/incident epidemiological systems combination behavioral
What are the 5 facorsin the eequence of events leading up to an accident in domino theory?
- Ancestry and social environment
- Fault of person
- unsafe act/mechanical or physical hazard
- Accident
- Injury
What are Heinrich’s Corrective Actions?
- Engineering
- Education
- Enforcement
What is epidemiological theory?
The study of casual relationships between environmental factors and disease.
What are the two main factors in epidemiological theory?
Predisposition
Situational
What are individual differences in epidemiological theory?
- Drugs
- Depression
- Obesity
What is the basis of behavioral theory?
ABC: activators/antecedents precede behaviours that produce the consequences
What is systems theory?
Changes in the patterns of interactions can increase or reduce the probability of an accident
What activities are systems elements designed for to support workers that allow tasks to be accomplished without accident?
- Collect system information
- Assess risks
- Decide on tasks/actions
What is the basis of combination theory?
Causes of accident are due to parts of several theories/models
What are some insights from theories?
- multiple events lead to accidents
- some factors can directly or indirectly cause accidents
- Social and organizational factors matter as much as human/machine/environmental
- Workers and systems adapt/evolve over time
