TEST ONE Flashcards
What Is Static Electricity?
two objects rub against each other. electrons transfer and build up on an object causing it to have a different charge form its surroundings.
Conductor
Allows electric current to flow through. Metals
Insulator
Does not allow electric current to flow. Plastic, wood, glass, rubber
What is Electricity ?
The flow of electrons in a electrical charge
Voltage
Electrical potential flows through wires of a circuit
Current
The flow of charges in a circuit
Resistance
Opposition to the flow of an electric current causing electrical energy to be converted to thermal energy or light.
OHM Law calculations?
Current = voltage difference dived by resistance
How to calculate Watts?
Volts X Amps= Watts
How to calculate Amps?
Volts Dived by Resistance= Amps
How to calculate Volts?
Current X Resistance= Volts
Circuits
Contains a Voltage source, wire conductor, one or more devices using electrical energy
Series Circuit
One single pathway for the current to flow. If one pathway is broken the whole things won’t work.
Parallel Circuit
Multiple pathways for a current to flow. If one pathway is broken the flow will continue to work on another pathway.
Open Circuit
The pathway for the current is broken. Switches
Closed Circuit
A pathway is Complete and unbroken
Household Wiring
Uses a combination of parallel circuits. Enters a fuse box or breaker box and is distributed.
Power Calculation
Power= Current X Voltage
Electrical Energy Calculations
Energy= Power X Time
Direct Current
Current that comes from a battery that supplies constant flow of electricity in one direction.
Alternating Current
Comes from a Generator, Electromagnetic is rotated in other direction for every revolution.
Incandescent Lamps
warm: yellow, orange color, poor efficiency, short life, initial cost cheap, populating cost is expensive, CRI 100
Halogen
moderate initial cost, expensive operating cost, Neutral Warm color, 10 year life, poor efficiency.
Fluroescent
large open spaces, likes to be in warm temps, high efficiency, Low temp color, long lasting, variety of color rendering.
HID
High Intensity Discharge, efficient, high initial cost, cheap operating cost, lower CRI 70-90, Pink/Green color.
LED
Light Emitting Diodes, Efficient, long life, variety of colors, phosphor white.
ARC Lamps
High Intensity Discharge, very efficient, high lumen output, direct-able.
Sir Humphrey Davy
1778-1829, professor of chemistry in London, Made Miner safety lamps, used batteries for incandescent bulb in 1801, 1807 arc lamp created, arc lamp needed 2,000 batteries to work.
Alessandro Volta
1745-1827, made batteries that stored electricity
Joesph Swan/ Thomas Edison (as a team)
Perfected the incandescent bulb using Davys battery research. Created the company called Ediswan selling bulbs to the public.
Pavel Yablochkov
1847-1894, Russian telegraph engineer, 1876 arc lamps became a viable light source, Worked With Louis Berguet to create an electric candle, Generator research allowed them to power their candle.
Joseph Swan
1828-1914. 1850 stared workin on incandescent bulbs using carbonized paper filament, had a short life, no seal, 1875 He used William Crookes Pump to seal his bulb, 1879 demonstrated his bulb, 1881 produced a lamp that last 400 hours.
Thomas Edison
1847-1931, made bulb accessible for public, electric company called Edison Electrical company 1878, Opened first Power station to produce enough electrical energy to power 800 of his bulbs.
Peter Cooper Hewitt
1861-1921, American electrical Engineer/ inventor, created the first mercury vapor lamp in 1901, was 40 lumens was an arc lamp, used as street lights since the color was bad.
Nick Holonyak Jr.
1928 Father of modern light, created first practical LED lamps, Worked at Edisons company as a scientist consultant, his LED had a red glow,
Ching W Tang and Steven Van Slyke and Eastman Kodak
created operable OLED (organic light emitting diode), Long life, Good color quality, high efficiency, can be mounted on any surface, thin, flexible, translucent, used in commercial applications, displays and tv’s.
Reverse Engineer
Figuring out how something works and trying to recreate it, three steps: Experience, Emotional, Identify
What is light responsible for?
Mood, Instruction
Behavioral response to light (Phototropism)
Humans attraction to light, can be instinctive, learned and conditioned, used for visual information, safety, companionship, comfort.
How do we control light?
How we feel, perceive spaces, where to go.
Shapes: Linear effects, scallops, pools of light, prismatic effect, instinctive and attraction to light is a powerful tool.
4 Relationships: understanding of where light is effective.
- Adaption 2. brightness 3. Phototropism 4. Vertical Vision.
2 Distinct Steps to Apply Lighting
- Lighting specific surfaces. 2. Augment the feeling of brightness.
5 Layers of Light
- Choreograph and Experience. 2. Define Mood and Ambience. 3. Create Accent and Visual Interest.
- Reveal architecture and Space. 5. Articulating the light design process.
Operating Cost
Cost to maintain and replace source
CRI
Color Rendering Index 1-100 scale color rating
Color Temp
Degree in kelvins or Kelvin, warm or cool tones perceived warm is 2,000K and cool Is 6,000K.
Directability
Ability to focus light from a source in relation to size. smaller is easier to control.
Ballast, Transformer, Driver Requirements
Magnetic Equipment to convert standard line voltage to electricity.
EMR
Electromagnetic Radiation Raw Energy, Radiation travels at the speed of light, Wave Lengths measured in Nano Meters, Visible spectrum light is the only form we can see, used for x rays, microwaves, uv rays.
Lumens
Light pieces, Measured in foot-candles, light leaving a surface has no direction.
Mechanisms We Use
To focus on distances and adjust for dark and light situations.
Cornea
transmitting, refracting/ protecting device
Pupil
Dark and light adaptation Dialate
Cones
active in high levels of light, (phototropism) responsible for color
Rods
Active in low level light, (Scotopic vision monochromatic) Sensitive to Motion.
Additive light
RGB Red Green Blue
Subtractive paint
YMC Yellow Magenta Cyan
MR 16
Multi Faceted Reflector 2” diameter
A 19
Arbitrary 2-3 3/8” Diameter
PAR 30
Parabolic Aluminized Reflector 4-3 3/3” Diameter
Ceiling Light Onto Walls
Canned, Directional and Fixed, wall washers impressions of brightness.
Floor Mounted
Washing and accent upward, sense of vertical illumination but unusual flair.
Wall Mounted: Washing Up
incandescent or fluorescent decorative or utilitarian, creates loftiness, adds volume to a space.
Washing Back Onto Wall
Decorative sconces with shields and diffuses to bounce backwards light, vertical brightness, decorative light.
Lighting The Floor: Step Lights
recessed surface mounted step lights, Niche lights, keeps light down Low choreographed light layer.
Horizontal Slots
Ceiling or wall joints continuous line
Vertical Slots
Washing across a Wall
Coves: Bleed onto a Ceiling
create loftiness
Slots: From above bleed vertical
Feeling of natural daylight
Diffuse Glowing
adds soft character to an area, decorative pendants, chandeliers, add a glow or sparkle. direct or indirect light to a pendant.
Aspects of light
Intensity, Texture, Color, Shape
Intensity
Bright vs. Dark
Texture
Directional vs. Diffuse
Color
Warm vs. cool
Shape
Planes and Lines vs. Pools and scallops
