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Test One Flashcards

1
Q

4 nerves involved with superficial cervical plexus block.

A

Lesser occipital
Greater auricular
Supraclavicular
Transverse cervical

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2
Q

Indications for superficial cervical plexus block

A

Clavicular fractures
IJ vein cannulation
Soft tissue procedures over lateral neck, shoulder, and lower ear
Supplement deep cervical for carotid endarectomy

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3
Q

You can use USGRA or landmark based approach for superficial cervical block. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

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4
Q

This is NOT used in superficial cervical block because all the nerves are sensory

A

Peripheral nerve stimulator

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5
Q

Injection point for superficial cervical block is right behind this muscle

A

SCM

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6
Q

This nerve has lateral, intermediate and medial branches that spread over the clavicle.

A

Supraclavicular nerve

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7
Q

Large vessel that lies over SCM, transverse cervical and supraclavicular nerve.

A

External jugular

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8
Q

For landmark based approach for superficial cervical block, block is placed midway between the ________ ________ and ________ along the posterior border of the ________ muscle; at the C___ level

A

Midway between mastoid process and clavicle

Posterior border of the SCM

C4 level

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9
Q

For superficial cervical block, what approach for use of US?

A

In plane, short axis

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10
Q

Under US, this muscle always points laterally when doing a superficial cervical block.

A

SCM

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11
Q

Where does the superficial cervical plexus lie ?

A

Between the two fascial planes below the SCM

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12
Q

What two muscles (lateral to medial) are one either side of the roots of the brachial plexus

A

Middle scalene

Anterior scalene

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13
Q

You should never go medial past roots of brachial plexus when doing superficial cervical block bc this nerve lies adjacent to anterior scalene muscle?

A

Phrenic nerve

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14
Q

What type of needle should you use for superficial cervical block?

A

Short beveled

22 gauge

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15
Q

LA and % needed for superficial cervical block

A

0.5% or less of bupivacaine/ropivacaine

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16
Q

In superficial cervical block, do a ______ml injection in a fan direction

A

5-10 ml

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17
Q

Superficial cervical block is often done in combination with an _______ block with the same needle pass.

A

Interscalene

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18
Q

Complications of superficial cervical plexus block

A 
Nerve injury
Seizures
LAST
Bleeding
Inadvertent phrenic nerve blockade and/or Interscalene block (too ant.)
High spinal or epidural
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19
Q

How might you get seizures when doing a superficial cervical block?

A

1-2 ml of LA injected into vertebral/carotid artery

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20
Q

What would be the result of a high spinal or epidural during superficial cervical plexus block?

A

Severe hypotension
Bradycardia
Respiratory arrest

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21
Q

Indications for Deep cervical plexus block?

A
  • Carotid endarectomy
  • Thyroid Sx (bil superfical cervical plexus only)
  • removal of lymph nodes, nodules or small neck tumors
  • clavicular fractures
  • supplement to shoulder sx
  • cervicogenic headaches
  • disk herniation at C2-C4
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22
Q

What is the MAIN indication for deep cervical plexus blocks?

A

Carotid endarectomy

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23
Q

Deep cervical plexus block during carotid endarectomy allows for the determination of cerebral insufficiency during __________ and/or the need for ___________.

A

Carotid clamping

Shunting

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24
Q

Deep cervical plexus block also allows for better _________ stability during carotid endarectomy

A

Hemodynamic

Otherwise very labile BP and can have stroke

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25
Q

When doing cervical plexus block, we are dealing mainly with the ventral rami nerves, which are C__, C__, and C__

A

C2
C3
C4

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26
Q

This nerve innervates all muscles of the larynx and the lateral/anterior aspect of the neck.

A

Ansa cervicalis

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27
Q

Hypoglossal nerve gets contribution from C____

A

C1

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28
Q

The cervical plexus _____ nerves are deeper in the neck, while the _______ nerves are more superficial

A

Motor

Sensory

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29
Q

Pt may complain of pain when surgeon manipulates carotid at the bifurcation bc this nerve branch is there

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Carotid branch of Hering

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30
Q

What nerve is also close to glossopharyngeal nerve and carotids?

A

Vagus nerve

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31
Q

Ventral rami roots

A

C2, C3, C4

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32
Q

SCM is innervated by what nerve roots

A

C3

C4

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33
Q

Branches to the trapezius, lavatory scapulae, and scalenus medius are innervated by C____

A

C4

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34
Q

Lesser occipital nerve root

A

C2

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35
Q

Greater auricular nerve root

A

C2, 3

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36
Q

Transverse cervical nerve root

A

C2, 3

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37
Q

Supraclavicular nerve roots

A

C3, 4

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38
Q

Dorsal rami nerve roots

A

C3, 4, 5

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39
Q

For deep cervical plexus block landmark-based approach, you need to find these two things first

A

Mastoid process

Chassaignac’s tubercle

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40
Q

Biggest/most prominent cervical vertebra

A

Chassaignac’s tubercle; C6

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41
Q

For landmark based approach of deep cervical block, draw a line between the mastoid process and C6, then draw a second line parallel to that on _____ cm behind it.

A

1cm

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42
Q

In landmark based approach to deep cervical block, make contact with the cervical __________ and withdraw _____ mm (aspirate and inject); _____ ml LA for each vertebral level (C___, ___ and ____)

A

Transverse process

Withdraw 1-2mm

3-5 ml LA

C2, 3, and 4

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43
Q

You do not use a PNS with landmark based approach to deep cervical plexus block. TRUE/FALSE.

A

TRUE

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44
Q

When injecting LA in deep cervical block, these are ________ injections; make contact with the _______ tubercle to inject.

A

Paravertebral injections

Anterior tubercle

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45
Q

For deep/intermediate cervical plexus USGRA, the US probe is placed at the level of C___ vertebrae; with _______ short-axis approach.

A

C4

In plane, short axis

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46
Q

When doing intermediate/deep cervical plexus block, blocking this ganglion can cause Horner syndrome

A

Sympathetic ganglion

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47
Q

Intermediate cervical block, LA is injected just below the ________

A

Cervical investing fascia

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48
Q

Where do we inject LA in deep cervical blocks

A

Below the deep cervical fascia

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49
Q

6 injections for carotid endarectomy

A

Paravertebral (5ml each) C2, C3, C4

Superficial cervical (5-10ml)

Glossopharyngeal (carotid bulb) 2ml
- surgeon intraop

Contralateral transverse cervical (8ml SQ ring)

  • inject form thyroid to clavicle
  • retractor pain
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50
Q

Complications of deep/intermediate cervical plexus block

A

-bleeding/infection
- high spinal and epidural blocks (never go deeper than 2.5 cm)
_ inadvertent carotid/vertebral injection (seizures)
- phrenic nerve paralysis
- highly vascular (increased intravascular injection) LAST
-Horner syndrome
-RLN block

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51
Q

Blockade of sympathetic ganglion that results in miosis, anhydrosis, and ptosis (PAM)

A

HORNER SYNDROME

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52
Q

Innervates the larynx

A

RLN

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53
Q

What would be a contraindication for RLN blockade; involves airway protection.

A

RLN injury to opposite side being blocked

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54
Q

Interscalene block targets what nerve roots?

A

C5, 6, and 7

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55
Q

Interscalene block targets what 2 nerves; major nerves to block for the shoulder

A

Suprascapular

Dorsal scapular

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56
Q

How is the brachial plexus divided up?

A 
Roots 
Trunks 
Divisions
Cords
Branches
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57
Q

Type of block that targets distal trunks and proximal divisions

A

Supraclavicular block

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58
Q

Interscalene block targets specifically what nerve roots?

What nerve is SPARED in an interscalene block and why?

A

C5, C6, C7

Ulnar nerve sparing bc block does not get to C8/T1

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59
Q

Block that targets distal cords

A

Infraclavicular

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60
Q

Lateral cord gets rise to what 2 nerves?

A

Musculocutaneous and median nerve

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61
Q

Posterior cord gives rise to what 2 nerves

A

Axillary

Radial

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62
Q

Medial cord gives rise to what two nerves

A

Ulnar

Median

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63
Q

3 nerves that innervate upper chest wall

A

Lateral pectoral
Medial pectoral
Long thoracic

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64
Q

Cords are named by how they are located around the _________ artery

A

Subclavian

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65
Q

What nerve roots contribute to the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5, 6, 7

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66
Q

Nerve roots that contribute to axillary nerve

A

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

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67
Q

Nerve roots that contribute to radial nerve

A

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

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68
Q

Nerve roots that contribute to median nerve

A

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

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69
Q

Nerve roots that contribute to the ulnar nerve

A

C8, T1

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70
Q

Ulnar nerve is very specific to the _______ trunk

A

Inferior

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71
Q

Which cervical roots does the superior trunk originate from?

A

C5, C6

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72
Q

What cervical root does the middle trunk originate from ?

A

C7

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73
Q

What cervical roots does the inferior trunk originate from?

A

C8, T1

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74
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve originates from the _______ cord

A

Lateral

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75
Q

Medial pectoral nerve originates from the _________ cord and its nerve roots are ____ and ____

A

Medial cord

C8, T1

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76
Q

Muscles innervated by suprascapular nerve

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

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77
Q

Motor movement and sensory innervation for suprascapular nerve

A

Sensory innervation of internal capsule of shoulder.

Shoulder abduction

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78
Q

Muscles innervates by dorsal scapular nerve

A

Romboid major and minor

Levatator scapula

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79
Q

Motor movement and sensory innervation for dorsal scapular nerve

A

Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially

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80
Q

Muscles innervated by thoracodorsal nerve

A

Latissmus dorsi

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81
Q

Motor movement and sensory innervation from thoracodorsal nerve

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing

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82
Q

Muscle innervated by long thoracic nerve

A

Serratus anterior

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83
Q

Motor movement and sensory innervation of long thoracic nerve

A

Pulls the medial border of the scapular to the posterior thoracic wall and stabilizes it there. Rotates scapula during abduction of arm above right angle.

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84
Q

Muscles innervated by the lateral pectoral N. and medial pectoral nerve

A

Pectoralis major and minor

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85
Q

Motor movement and sensory innervation of lateral and medial pectoral nerves

A

Abduction, medial rotation, and flexion of humerus (shoulder joint)

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86
Q

Muscle innervated by axillary nerve

A

Teres minor deltoid

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87
Q

Motor movement and sensory innervation of axillary nerve

A

Abduction of arm at shoulder beyond 15 degrees. Dome of shoulder (sensory)

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88
Q

Dermatome for backside of leg

A

S1

S2

89
Q

Dermatomes for anterior leg

A

L2, 3, 4, 5

90
Q

Dermatomes for buttocks

A

S3, 4, 5

91
Q

_________ dermatomes cover the medial aspect of the arm

A

Thoracic

92
Q

_________ dermatomes cover the lateral aspect of arm

A

Cervical

93
Q

T2 intercostal nerve is never covered by a brachial plexus block. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

94
Q

Block that covers dome of shoulder, ulnar nerve sparing.

A

Interscalene block

95
Q

“Total spinal arm”

A

Supraclavicular block

96
Q

Supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary nerve blocks do not block these two nerves

A

Suprascapular

Dorsal scapular

97
Q

Block involving just about the elbow dismally

A

Infraclavicular

98
Q

Block involving below the elbow

A

Axillary block

99
Q

Nerve that innervates the triceps; nerve roots involved?

A

Radial nerve

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

100
Q

Median nerve innervates mainly the ________ and _____.

A

Fingers and wrist

101
Q

Nerve that innervates teres minor and deltoid; nerve roots C5, C6.

A

Axillary nerve

102
Q

C5, 6, 7 nerve roots innervate Coraco-brachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis muscle via the __________ nerve

A

Musculocutaneous

103
Q

Radial nerve innervates the ________ muscles

A

Triceps

104
Q

What 3 common movements of the hand are done by the radial nerve

A

Supination
Neutral
Pronation

105
Q

Extension at all arm, wrist, and proximal finger joints below the shoulder; forearm supination; thumb abduction in Plane of palm: what nerve?

A

Radial nerve

106
Q

Innervation of deltoid and teres minor; Abduction of arm at shoulder beyond first 15 degrees; sensory innervation over the shoulder; what nerve?

A

Axillary

107
Q

Finger adduction and abduction other than thumb; thumb adduction; flexion of digits 4 and 5; wrist flexion and adduction; what nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

108
Q

Sensory innervation of skin over medial surface of the hand through the superficial branch; what nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

109
Q

This deformity might occur with and ulnar lesion.

A

Claw hand

110
Q

Thumb flexion and opposition, flexion of digits 2 and 3, wrist flexion and abduction, forearm pronation; what nerve?

A

Median nerve

111
Q

Median nerve provides sensory innervation for skin over the _________ surface of the hand

A

Anterolateral

112
Q

Ape hand deformity may occur with a _______ nerve lesion

A

Median

113
Q

Innervates BBC; biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis muscles; what nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous

114
Q

Flexion of the arm at the elbow, supination of the forearm; what nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous

115
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve innervates sensory for the ________ surface of the forearm through lateral _________ nerve

A

Lateral

Antebrachial cutaneous n.

116
Q

Critical prior to performing a regional block

A

Neuromuscular assessment

117
Q

Baseline documentation of _________is paramount; could be needed for lawsuits, and also to evaluate symptoms postop.

A

Impairment

118
Q

A block may worse the symptoms already present, especially if the nerve injury is in the acute phase; could be a contraindication. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

119
Q

_________ trauma is often associated with nerve injury.

A

Orthopedic

120
Q

Thumb is externally rotated into plane of palm is a sign of ________ nerve palsy

A

Median

121
Q

Reduced arm abduction and external rotation; weakness and wasting of infraspinatus and supraspinatus; could indicate ________ nerve palsy

A

Suprascapular

122
Q

Deltoid weakness; should elevated by trapezius, slight abduction by supraspinatus; could indicate _______ nerve palsy.

A

Axillary

123
Q

With ulnar nerve palsy, you can have _______ of the 2 medial fingers.

A

Clawing

124
Q

__________ nerve palsy causes an inability to flex at the elbow.

A

Musculocutaneous

125
Q

Winged scapula, medial border of the scapula will be elevated from paralysis of the rhomboids. This is _______ nerve palsy.

A

Dorsal scapular

126
Q

Indications for interscalene block

A 
Arthroscopic shoulder
Clavicle fracture (distal)
TSA
Shoulder dislocation
Sx involving DOME of shoulder
Ulnar nerve SPARING
127
Q

What risks prevent us from blocking the ulnar nerve ?

A

Risk of pneumothorax

Vertebral/carotid injection

128
Q

Muscle always closest to carotid artery.

A

Anterior scalene

129
Q

What twitch response would indicate a correct position of the needle when blocking the brachial plexus nerve?

A

Movement of the biceps muscle or forearm

130
Q

Correct Interscalene block positioning; facilitates needling from a posterior position and shallow needle angle to the brachial plexus

A

Lateral position with HOB elevated 15-30 degrees; arms at 90 degree bend

131
Q

Interscalene block is inplane ______ axis approach with US.

A

In plane, short axis

132
Q

Ideally needle should be inserted between what two nerve roots for an interscalene block?

A

C5, C6

133
Q

Complication of interscalene block; expected 100% of the time regardless of volume used.

A

Phrenic nerve paralysis

134
Q

Can get hemiparesis of the diaphragm with interscalene block, this is painful and present in 10% of blocks; also may have ______ pain in 10%.

A

Chest pain

135
Q

Interscalene block is contraindicated in patients who cannot tolerate 25% reduction in _____ function.

A

Lung fxn

136
Q

Besides phrenic nerve paralysis, what are contraindications for interscalene block?

A

Unilateral RLN paralysis (hoarseness)

Inadvertent carotid/vertebral artery puncture (seizure-LA inj)

Pneumothorax (lung is close)

Epidural or high spinal

Stellate ganglion block (horners syndrome)

137
Q

________ ganglion formed fusion C8 and T1 ___________ cervical ganglion.

A

Stellate

Sympathetic

138
Q

S/S of horners syndrome

A

Ptosis
Anhydrosis
Miosis
Nasal congestion

139
Q

Horners syndrome is self limiting with ______ duration

A

LA

140
Q

This block treats severe forms of reflexive sympathetic dystrophy and Raynaud’s disease

A

Stellate ganglion block

141
Q

2 absolute laws of interscalene block

A

STAY AWAY form the medial 1/3 of clavicle

Stay ANTERIOR. To the 1st rib

142
Q

Interscalene block should be a very shallow block, ________ cm; never advance needle > ___ cm.

A

1-3 cm

3cm

143
Q

Interscalene block should use ______ ml of LA.

A

15-20 ml

144
Q

You need to support the _____ during an interscalene block bc pt will not be able to move it.

A

Arm

145
Q

Interscalene block fails to block what 3 nerves?

A

Ulnar (C8, T1)
Median antebrachial (T1)
Medial brachial cutaneous (T1)

146
Q

Palpate muscles when in doubt during interscalene block; should have twitch of what 3 things?

Bad twitches are what?

A

Deltoid, biceps and hand twitch are acceptable

Bad twitches: scapula, trapezius or diaphragmatic

147
Q

Low interscalene approach might minimize complications; below c___ level

A

C6

148
Q

With interscalene block, aim for C__ and C__ roots; place LA ______ Side only.

A

C5 and C6

Lateral side only.

149
Q

Higher volumes > __ ml increase the incidence of phrenic nerve, RLN, epidural/spinal blockade, and horners syndrome in interscalene blocks.

A

> 20 ml LA

150
Q

With interscalene catheters; ____ cm interscalene space; _____ ml/hr; test for migration.

A

2-3 cm

4-6 ml/hr

151
Q

For interscalene catheters, use _______ acting LA to test position, effectiveness, and tolerability of diaphragmatic paralysis; example ?

A

Shorter acting

2-chloroprocaine: small doses < 20 min DOA

152
Q

Indications for supraclavicular block would be surgeries on the arm below the ________

A

Shoulder dome

153
Q

Supraclavicular block does NOT block _________ nerves that innervate the shoulder.

A

Suprascapular

Dorsal scapular

154
Q

In supraclavicular block, ______ gets blocked separately below subclavian arter in the “corner pocket”

A

Ulnar

155
Q

“Spinal” for arm

A

Supraclavicular block

156
Q

Nerve stimulator techniques have been abandoned in supraclavicular blocks due to HIGH RISK of ________.

A

Pneumothorax

157
Q

Supraclavicular USGRA uses in plane, short axis approach. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE.

158
Q

Brachial plexus appears lateral and superior to ______ artery on US; _______ the probe helps visualize the plexus.

A

Subclavian

Tilting

159
Q

In supraclavicular brachial plexus block, “corner pocket” below brachial plexus and lateral to subclavian artery, above first rib; targets ________ trunk, ______ cord

A

Inferior trunk

Medial cord

160
Q

3 needle approaches with supraclavicular block

A

1st needle in corner pocket

2nd needle inferior to brachial plexus nerves in the sheath

3rd needle superior to brachial plexus near ant scalene muscle

161
Q

_______% of LA is injected inferior to the brachial plexus with 2nd needle approach in supraclavicular block.

A

60-70%

162
Q

With USGRA supraclavicular block, you should always look for what two things to orient yourself before needling?

A

First rib and pleura

163
Q

Gives a “glistening” appearance on USGRA

A

Pleura

164
Q

In supraclavicular block, you should ______ the transducer towards the lung in the “clavicular gutter” for better visualization.

A

Tilt

165
Q

Position for supraclavicular block.

A

Supine, head up

166
Q

Supraclavicular block ofent associated with fascia ________

A

“Pop”

167
Q

Supraclavicular block, highly vascular area; many vascular structures run over the top of the plexus (transverse cervical and suprascapular); what should you use before injection?

A

Color Doppler

168
Q

With supraclavicular block, you should inject ______ ml of LA.

A

20-25 ml

169
Q

Block with the HIGHEST incidence of pneumothorax

A

Supraclavicular

170
Q

Supraclavicular block blocks the phrenic nerve _____% of the time (hemiparesis); avoid in patients who can’t tolerate a ____% reduction in lung fxn.

A

50%

25%

171
Q

This can be problematic with supraclavicular blocks bc the clavicle resists compression.

A

Bleeding/hematoma

172
Q

Infection and nerve injury can be complications with supraclavicular block, along with others. TRUE/FALSE.

A

TRUE

173
Q

When US is placed for infraclavicular block, it is placed superior-inferior, this is called what?

A

Parasagittal plane

174
Q

Indications for infraclavicular block

A

Sx mid-humerus distally to fingers

175
Q

Infraclavicular block fails to block what two nerves that are useful to block for shoulder sx?

A

Suprascapular

Dorsal scapular

176
Q

Infraclavicular is considered ASRA deep block so there are ________ concerns.

A

Coagulopathy

177
Q

You may have to use this type of probe for deeper penetration during infraclavicular block.

A

Curved-linear probe

178
Q

During infraclavicular block, it is a _______ needle angle and potential for loss in needle tip location.

A

Steep

179
Q

What part of the brachial plexus are we blocking with an infraclavicular block?

A

The cords

180
Q

Needle is inserted between what two things with the steep approach in an infraclavicular block

A

The probe and the clavicle

181
Q

What two muscles lie on top of the cords targeted in an infraclavicular block

A

Pec major

Pec minor

182
Q

Probe is placed right under this in the parasaggital plane for infraclavicular block.

A

Coracoid process

183
Q

______ twitch is ideal with infraclavicular block (inside the sheath with terminal nerves)

A

Hand twitch

184
Q

This block can be uncomfortable dur to pectoralis stimulation and depth of block

A

Infraclavicular block

185
Q

Two approaches to infraclavicular block

A

RAPTIR: retro clavicular approach to the infraclavicular region

Classic approach: steep needling angle right above probe

186
Q

Disadvantage to RAPTIR approach Infraclavicular block

A

Blind spot as you enter behind the clavicle (~3cm)

187
Q

Advantages to RAPTIR infraclavicular approach

A

Flatter needle approach

Better needle visualization

188
Q

Disadvantages to classic approach infraclavicular block

A

Steep needle angle
Poor needle visualization
Higher risk pneumothorax

189
Q

In infraclavicular block, the 3 cords are around what artery below the pectoralis major/minor muscles?

A

Axillary artery

190
Q

Will get a “horse shoe” LA spread with this block.

A

Infraclavicular

191
Q

Infraclavicular block is a deep block, _____ cm

A

3-5

192
Q

Infraclavicular block: head up, arm abducted _____ degrees, ______ for comfort.

A

90 degrees

Pillow

193
Q

________ maneuver helps needle visualization with classic approach infraclavicular block.

A

Rocking

194
Q

High pneumothorax rate with infraclavicular block with needle directed ________

A

Cephalad

195
Q

_______ approach should be used for infraclavicular block in obese pts

A

RAPTIR

196
Q

With infraclavicular block you should keep an even transducer ________ during LA injection, high # veins.

A

Pressure

197
Q

______ ml of LA for infraclavicular block.

A

30-40ml

198
Q

Catheter is ideally suited for infraclavicular block. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

199
Q

Indications for axillary block

A

Surgery below the elbow

Improves blood flow in AV grafts and finger amputation cases

200
Q

Historically “transarterial” approach with this block

A

Axillary

201
Q

This nerves are missed bc of early take-off at a higher location in the brachial plexus

A

Musculocutaneous and axillary nerves

202
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve must be blocked separately. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

203
Q

Nerves in the axillary sheath are heavily _______, so have to target each nerve separately.

A

Septated

204
Q

If tourniquet is used for surgical anesthesia case, a separate _______ block must be performed (with axillary block?)

A

Intercostobrachial

205
Q

During axillary block, arm abducted ___ degrees, pillow for comfort, shallow block ____ cm.

A

90 degrees

1-2 cm

206
Q

How is the probe placed for an axillary block

A

Perpendicular with the humerus

207
Q

Avoid probe pressure during LA injection of axillary block bc obliterates _______

A

Veins

208
Q

Axillary block is highly vascular area. TRUE/FALSE

A

TRUE

209
Q

Which nerves are inside the axillary sheath?

What nerve is right outside of this sheath?

A

Inside: Median N., Radial N., and Ulnar N. (RUM)

Musculocutaneous nerve is outside of the axillary sheath

210
Q

When needling of axillary block, be as high as possible in the ________. The higher you are, the closer the ________ nerve is to the axillary sheath.

A

Axilla

Musculocutaneous

211
Q

What nerve is superior to the axillary artery when under USGRA for axillary block?

A

Median nerve

212
Q

Inferior to AA in axillary USGRA is the ______ nerve

A

Radial

213
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve lies in what muscle lateral to Axillary sheath

A

Coracobrachialis muscle

214
Q

There must be multiple attempts with needle approaches (4) with this block bc of septations of the nerves

A

Axillary block

215
Q

With axillary block , this nerve is in quadrants 1 and 8 in 56% of pts.

A

Median nerve

216
Q

With axillary block, this nerve is in quadrant 2 in 59% of subjects.

A

Ulnar

217
Q

With an axillary block, this nerve is in quadrant 3 in 38% of subjects; its the most variable.

A

Radial nerve

218
Q

This would indicate correct needle position with PNS when doing an axillary block

A

Twitches of the hand; stimulation of the medial, radial or ulnar nerve

Regional (2 decks)

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