Test One Flashcards
Dysphasia definition
Difficulty moving food from the mouth to the stomach
Steps of feeding therapy
- positioning of food in mouth
- manipulating food in mouth with tongue
- chewing boluses of varying consistencies
- collecting bolus into cohesive mass
- organizing lingual action to propel the bolus posteriorly
Complications of dysphagia
Pneumonia, weight loss, malnutrition, dehydration, death
Deglutition
Bolus transfer
Mastication
Movement of the jaw up and down, back and forth
Munching
Movement of the jaw up and down only
Gag versus swallowing reflex
Swallowing considered more of a response because you can teach it
Two most common swallowing evaluation techniques
Modified barium swallow, fiber optic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
Sign
Objective, clinicians and caregivers observation including clinical exams
Symptom
Subjective, patient complaints
Disorders
Physiology and pathophysiology to cause sign and symptom
Three muscles that connect hyoid to the mandible
Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastic
Recurrent versus superior nerve
Recurrent: muscle movement
Superior: muscle sensation
Two parts of the tongue
Oral tongue: tip to taste buds
Pharyngeal tongue: taste buds to hyoid bone
Palatoglossus
Anterior faucial pillar
Pulls soft palate down and forward
Palatopharyngeus
Posterior faucial pillar
Helps raise pharynx
Pharyngeal constrictors
Superior: glossopharyngeal
Medial
Inferior: cricopharyngeus
Cricopharyngus
Prevents air from entering esophagus
Prevents reflux of gastric contents
Upper esophageal sphincter
Most pressure during respiration and prior to swallow
Opens to allow bolus to pass, then closes
Esophagus musculature
Upper third is striated and volitional
Lower third is smooth and automatic
Pharyngeal swallow
- Elevation of velum
- Elevation of hyoid and larynx
- Closure of larynx
- Opening of UES
- Force bolus back
- Contraction of pharyngeal sphincters
Veto pharyngeal closure
Soft palate back and up
Pharyngeal walls come in
Pharyngeal pressure propels bolus down
Hyolaryngeal excursion
Hyoid and larynx move up and forward
Creates traction force that opens UES
Epiglottis lowers
Nucleus ambiguous
Supplies fibers that inner ate the striated muscles of palate, larynx, pharynx, esophagus
Nucleus of the tractus solitarius
Sensory information
