Test one

Question 1

Most common type of persistent arrhythmia

Answer 1

atrial fibrillation

Question 2

Arrange in order the following sequences correctly depicts the normal pattern of sequential depolarization of the structures of the heart? 1. right and left bundle branches, 2. sinoatrial (SA) node, 3. subendocardial Purkinje network, 4. bundle of His, 5. atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 2

2. Sinoatrial (SA) node
3. Atrioventricular (AV) node
4. Bundle of His
5. Right an dleft bundle branches
6. Subendocardial purkinje network

Question 3

tachycardia in an adult is defined as a heart rate greater than?

Answer 3

greater than 100 beat per minute

Question 4

what is a disorder of repolarization?

Answer 4

Long QT syndrome

Question 5

An advantage of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICDs) in contrast to pacemakers

Answer 5

Terminating a rhythm disturbance without delivering a shock

Question 6

Which of the following dental devices has produced electromagnetic interference (EMI) with pacemakers and ICDs in studies performed in vitro?

Answer 6

Electrosurger, ultrasonic bath cleaners, ultrasonic scalers, battery operated curing light

Question 7

which of the following is classified as a significant arryhythmia according to the ACC/AHA guidelines?

Answer 7

High grade AV block, symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias in presence of cardiovascular disease and supra ventricular arrhythmias with an uncontrolled ventricular rate

Question 8

most of the acquired disorders that lead to heart failure result in initial failure of the_____

Answer 8

left ventricle

Question 9

know the symptoms of the left heart failure and first line therapy drugs for the treatment of it

Answer 9

symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, difficulty lying down, irregular/rapid pulse

First line therapy drugs: diuretics, vascodilators, anticoagulants

Question 10

know the symptoms of the right heart failure and first line therapy drugs for the treatment of it

Answer 10

symptoms: shortness of breath, swelling of feet/ankles, nocturia

first line therapy durgs: ACE inhibitors*, diuretics, beta blockers

Question 11

which is the most common reason for decompenstation of previously well- compensated heart failure during dental treatment

Answer 11

the patient’s failure to take prescribed medications properly

Question 12

know which are modifiable and non modifiable factors

Answer 12

modifiable: smoking diabetes things that can be changed/treated

non modifiable: gender, age, ect. something that cant be changed. elevated C-reactive proteins?

Question 13

which of blood cells engulf lipid molecules to become foam cells

Answer 13

Macrophages engulf lipid molecules to become foam cells. macrophages characteristics features of the fatty streak

Question 14

the most important symptom of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease

Answer 14

chest pain- may be brief for prolonged

Question 15

the most common cause of sudden cardiac death?

Answer 15

ventricular fibrillation- a form of abnormal electrical activity resulting from interruption of the heart’s electrical conductive system

Question 16

which is a serum enzyme determination used to establish the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and to determine the extent of infarction?

Answer 16

Troponin I, troponin T

Question 17

which of the following is true for MI with ST segment elevation? (STEMI)

Answer 17

Use epi with consideration. no NSAIDs

Digoxin and digitalis can be toxins so no epi

Question 18

Angina

Answer 18

A brief sub sterna like pain resulting from myocardial ischemia, commonly provoked by physical activity or emotional stress, is a common and significant symptom of coronary heart disease. Patients are at an increased risk for arrhythmias, MI, and sudden death. *patients with unstable or progressive angina are not candidates for elective dental care

Question 19

Pre hypertension

Answer 19

BP 120-139 or 80-89.

Question 20

Which is most often the first drug category of choice if lifestyle modification is ineffective at lowering blood pressure?

Answer 20

Thiazide diurectics are most often the first drug of choice

Question 21

interaction of beta-blocker with epinephrine

Answer 21

elevation of blood pressure

Question 22

Bacteria involved in infective endocarditis

Answer 22

Streptococcus

Question 23

one consequence of chronic hepatitis (b or C) or cirrhosis of the liver is decreased ability of the body to ____ certain drugs, including local anesthetics and analgesics

Answer 23

metabolize

Question 24

vasoconstrictors should be avoided in patients who are using cocaine or methomophetamine because these agents may produce:

Answer 24

arrhythmias or severe hypertension

Question 25

alterations in the fingernails is associated with cirrhosis

Answer 25

True, changes in the skin and nails frequently are associated with systemic disease. white discoloration is seen with cirrhosis

Question 26

What is the most severe heart attack type?

Answer 26

STEMI is the most severe
Complete blockage and artery dies
Early fibrolitic therapy can improve it

Question 27

Cor pulmonale

Answer 27

Right side enlargement/failure

Emphysema is from right side failure?