Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg 1 > Test One > Flashcards

Test One Flashcards

1
Q

What foods (7) are good sources of sodium?

A

Cheese, salt, seafood, processed meats, canned vegetables and soups, ketchup, snacks (pretzels/potato chips)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What foods (14) are good sources of potassium?

A

Meats, fish, vegetables (potato, carrot, mushroom, tomatoes), fruits (oranges, bananas, apricots, cantaloupe, dried fruit), nuts and seeds, chocolate and licorice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What foods (6) are good sources of Calcium?

A

bone meal, dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt), leafy green vegetables, legumes, nuts, and whole grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What foods (8) are good sources of Magnesium?

A

Dry beans and peas, green leafy vegetables, meats, nuts, seafood, whole grains, chocolate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the fluid compartment consequences of hypotonic overhydration?

A

ECF compartment volume expands, ICF volume expands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which condition is most likely to cause formation of edema?

A

Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypertonic dehydration – What would be the fluid compartment consequences?

A

ECF compartment expands, ICF contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Extracellular fluids (ECF) are composed of ____, ______, and ______.

A

Interstitial fluid, transcellular fluid, and intravascular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is first spacing?

A

fluid spacing in balance, fluid is where it should be, just the right amount in ICF and ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is second spacing?

A

When fluid flows into the interstitial space, aka edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is third spacing?

A

fluid accumulation in areas that normally have no fluid or a minimal amount of fluids (ascites or edema with burns)

  • Trapped fluid=fluid loss
  • in an area that is physiologically inaccessible (body can’t use it)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thirds spacing takes fluid away from…

A

normal fluid compartments (hypovolemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you get rid of third spacing?

A

surgically (parencentecisis/thoracentesis) or by hypertonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ascities can lead to __________, or if it gets absorbed it can lead to _______

A

hypovolemia, hypervolemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 4 areas can third spacing happen in?

A

Peritoneal, pericardial, pleural, joint cavities (also bowel, abdomen or within soft tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the difference between hypertonic dehydration and hypotonic dehydration?

A

Hypertonic: water loss exceeds electrolyte loss, fluid moves from ICF to plasma and interstitial spaces–> cellular dehydration and shrinkage
Hypotonic: electrolyte loss exceeds water loss, fluid moves from plasma and interstitial into the cells, causing a plasma volume deficit and cells to swell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens when you give a hypertonic IV solution?

A

water moves out of cells (ICF), into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens when you give a hypotonic IV solution?

A

water moves into the cells and expands them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

D5W (5% dextrose in water) is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic?

A

Hypotonic (isotonic solution out of body, but once in the body it’s hypotonic (because the 5% is so little and used up instantly))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

A pushing pressure, like a fire hose on full blast

-force exerted by weight of a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens when a difference exists in the hydrostatic pressure on two sides of a membrane?

A

water and difussible solutes move out of the solution that has the higher hydrostatic pressure by filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

At the arterial end of a capillary, they hydrostatic pressure is _____ than osmotic pressure; therefore fluids and diffusible solutes…

A

higher; move out of the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

At the venous end of the capillary, the hydrostatic pressure is _____ than osmotic pressure; therefore fluids and some solutes…

A

lower, move into the capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Osmotic pressure?

A

a pulling pressure

-determined by concentration of solutes in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do solvents move when osmotic pressure is unequal?

A

solutes move from less concentrated solute side to more concentrated solute side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion of a solute from higher concentration to lower concentration (through permeable or semipermeable membranes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is osmosis?

A

movement of solvent across a membrane from lower to higher solute concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is filtration?

A

movement of solutes and solvents by hydrostatic pressure (from higher pressure to lower pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which movement process is this?

movement of fluid (water) between intravascular and interstitial spaces

A

Filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which movement process is this?

Movement of solutes or fluid between extracellular and intracellular compartments

A

Diffusion and osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What causes edema?

A

excess fluid in interstitial space
-occurs as a result of alterations in oncotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, capillary permeability, and lymphatic obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is ascities?

A

The accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity (third spacing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

____ process occurs when hydrostatic pressures differ on each side of the membrane

A

filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hydrostatic pressure moves water from the _____ into the ____

A

from capillaries into interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What 3 factors alter hydrostatic pressure?

A

blood volume, force of contraction (of the heart on the arteries), and resistance of blood vessels (vasocontricted or vasodilated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The compartment with higher concentration of solute has the _____ osmotic pressure

A

higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What causes dehydration?

A

Inadequate intake of fluids and solutes, fluid shifts, loss of bod fluids, chronic illness, excessive fluid replacement (hypotonic), kidney disease, chronic malnutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Prolonged diarrhea–> which type of dehydration?

A

hypertonic dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hypovolemia is what kind of dehydration?

A

Isotonic dehydration (water and dissolved electrolytes lost in equal proportions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Who is at risk for dehydration?

A

elderly, obese, very young

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What 2 factors stimulate the thirst mechanism?

A
  • Decrease in ECF volume

- Increase in ECF osmolarity (osmotic pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) makes the kidneys _______

A

increase water reabsorption, decreases urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Isotonic IV solutions increase…

A

ECF volume (don’t enter the cells because no osmotic force exists to shift fluids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Hypotonic IV solutions cause movement of water (where)…

A

into cells by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Hypertonic IV solutions cause movement of water (where)…

A

from cells into the extracellular fluid by osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Colloid IV solutions pull fluid from… to…

A

from the interstitial compartments into the vascular compartment (used to increase vascular fluid rapidly, like with a hemorrhage or severe hypovolemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is infiltration?

A

seepage of the IV fluid out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

inflammation of the vein, can cause a clot to form (thrombophlebitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is extravasation?

A

The escape of fluid from its physiologic contained space, e.g., bile, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), into the surrounding tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Which IV complication is this?

tachycardia, chest pain, hypotension, cyanosis, decrease LOC

A

air embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Which IV complication is this?

Decrease in blood pressure, pain along the vein; weak, rapid pulse; cyanosis of the nail beds; loss of consciousness

A

catheter embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Which IV complication is this?

increase BP, distended jugular veins, rapid breathing, dyspnea, moist cough and crackles

A

circulatory overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Which IV complication is this?

Ecchymosis, immediate swelling and leakage of blood at the sit, and hard/painful lumps at the site

A

hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Which IV complication is this?
Local-redness, swelling, and drainage at the site
Systemic-chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, and tachycardia

A

Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Which IV complication is this?

Edema, pain, and coolness at the site; may or may not have a blood return

A

Infiltration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Which IV complication is this?

Heat, redness, tenderness at the site; not swollen or hard; IV infusion sluggish

A

Phlebitis (inflammation of the vein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Which IV complication is this?

Skin color changes, sloughing of the skin, discomfort at the site

A

tissue damage

58
Q

Which IV complication is this?

Heard and cordlike vein; heat, redness, tenderness at site; IV infusion sluggish

A

Thrombophlebitis (clot that forms due to phlebitis)

59
Q

Lactated Ringer’s solution contains…

A

calcium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and sodium lactate in water for injection. It is used intravenously to replace electrolytes.

60
Q

In IV needles, the ________ the gauge number the ______ the diameter of the lumen

A

smaller, larger

61
Q

For standard IV fluid and clear liquid IV medications, use a ___ or ___ gauge lumen IV needle

A

22 or 24

62
Q

If the patient has very small veins, use a ____ or ___ gauge lumen

A

24 or 25

63
Q

For rapid emergency fluid administration, blood products, or anesthetics, us __,__, __, __ gauge lumen

A

large-diameter gauge lumen; 14, 16, 18 or 19

64
Q

For peripheral fat emulsion (lipid) infusion use a ___ or ___ gauge lumen

A

20 or 21

65
Q

What are the normal lab values for sodium?

A

136-145

66
Q

What 4 functions does Na do?

A
  • Nerve impulse transmission
  • Skeletal muscle and cardiac contraction
  • Maintain electrical balance: slower depolarization
  • Determine osmolality of ECF
67
Q

What 3 ways does your body regulate Na?

A
  • lost through skin, Gi, and Gu tract
  • Aldosterone, ADH, NP regulation
  • Thirst mechanism
68
Q

What are 3 causes of hyponatremia?

A

1) Excessive loss: diuretics, burns, sweating, comiting, lax. abuse, suctioning, renal disease, etc
2) Excessive H2o gain: D5W overload, polidipsia (thirst), water retension
3) Inadequate intake: anorexia, alcholism

69
Q

Which electrolyte imbalance is this?
confusion, blurred vision, irritability, headache, convulsions, n/v/d, hyperactive BS, dec BP, dec HR, weak pulses, muscle weakness, dec DTR

A

hyponatremia

70
Q

List some nursing interventions (5) for hyponatremia

A
  • Monitor I &O, weigh daily
  • Prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload
  • Drug therapy: isotonic or hypertonic solution
  • Nutrition therapy: restrict water, increase Na intake
  • Assess s/s, lab values
71
Q

What are 2 causes of hypernatremia?

A

1) Excessive intake: hypertonic solution (TPN), hypertonic TF
2) Water loss: diarrhea, insensible loss, osmotic diuretic, insufficient ADH

72
Q

Which electrolyte imbalance is this?

A

confusion, forgetful, restless, decreased LOC, seizure, lethargic, coma, muscle twitching, weakness, decreased DTR

73
Q

What is the normal range for K?

A

3.5-5.0

74
Q

What are K functions? (3)

A
  • Determine osmolarity or ICF
  • Generate action potentials, and depolarization
  • Regulate protein synthesis, metabolize and storage of glucose/CHO
75
Q

As K goes into a cell, Na goes…

A

out of the cell

76
Q

What are 3 ways the body regulates K?

A
  • Renal excretion
  • Aldosterone (increase excretion of K via kidneys)
  • Na/K pump
77
Q

How does the Na/K pump regulate K?

A

it removes extra Na from ICF, extra K from ECF

78
Q

Loop diuretic promote ____ excretion

A

K excretion

79
Q

What are (3) causes of hypokalemia?

A
  • Decreased intake: anorexia, ETOH
  • Increased loss: increased aldosterone,diuretics, GI loss, trauma, burn, etc
  • Shift during metabolic acidosis, treatment of DKA (K moves from ECF to ICF)
80
Q

What electrolyte imbalance is this?
shallow ineffective RR, weakness, cramp, flaccid paralysis, decreased DTR, decreased BP, lethargy, confusion, coma, n/v/a, anorexia, paralytic ileus, decreased bowel sounds

A

hypokalemia

81
Q

Oral K must be… before given

A

diluted!

82
Q

How fast can you give K?

A

No IV push, no faster than 10mEq/hr, no >100 mEq/L of IV solution

83
Q

Why is giving digoxin and lasix scary?

A

lasix decrease K and dig increased cardiac output

-try to use a K sparing diuretic instead

84
Q

What are the 3 causes of hyperkalemia?

A
  • Excessive intake
  • Decreased loss: K sparing diuretic, renal failure, bowl obstruction, decreased aldosterone (Addison’t disease)
  • Shift of K into ECF: burn, crushing injury, metabolic acidosis
85
Q

Which electrolyte imbalance is this?

decreased HR, decreased BP, paresthesia, irritability, confusion, weakness, flaccid paralysis, n/v/d, cramping

A

hyperkalemia

86
Q

How does using insulin and glucose decrease K (nursing intervention for hyperkalemia)?

A

causes K into the cell (ICF) from ECF

87
Q

T/F

You can use dialysis for hyperkalemia

A

True

88
Q

What are the normals for Ca?

A

9.0-10.5

89
Q

What are the functions (4) for Ca?

A
  • Bone and tooth strength
  • Blood clotting
  • Neuromuscular conduction via Na/K pump
  • Cardiac contractions
90
Q

How is Ca regulated? (3)

A
  • need Vit D for GI absorption
  • filtered in glomerulus, reabsorbed in tubes
  • PTH and calcitonin
91
Q

What are the causes of hypocalcemia? (3)

A
  • Excessive binding of Ca
  • Inadequate intake/absorption
  • Diseases like acute pancreatitis, hypoparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, thyroid cancer, Crohn’s, fistual drain, RF, increased calcitonin
92
Q

What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?

A

osteoporosis, muscle cramp/spasm, Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s sign, paresthesia, increased DTR, convulsions, increased peristalsis, n/v/d, ecchymosis, petechiae, excessive bleeding, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest

93
Q

What are some (4) nursing interventions for hypocalcemia ?

A
  • Drug therapy: Ca Gluconate
  • Ca and Vit D supplements
  • Thyoidectomy, Gi/renal disorders
  • Seizure precautions, prevent falls, excessive bleeding
94
Q

What are the 2 causes for hypercalcemia?

A
  • Loss from bones (immobilization, bone cancer, etc

- Excessive intake: antacids, large dose of vit D

95
Q

What are the s/s of hypocalcemia?

A

decreased DTR, decreased muscle tone, bone pain, fractures, clots, decreased motility, stones, renal damage, lethargy, coma, depressed activity, arrythmia, cardiac arrest

96
Q

What are some nursing interventions for hypercalcemia?

A
  • Drug therapy (NS and diuretics, calcium chelators, phosporous, calcitonin, etc)
  • Dialysis
  • High fiber food
97
Q

What are the 3 functions of phosphorus?

A
  • Formation of bone and teeth (most in bones)
  • Activating vitamins and enzymes, forming ATP
  • Assist in cell growth and metabolism
98
Q

What are 2 ways body regulates phosphorus?

A
  • PTH

- Phos and Ca have an inverse relationship

99
Q

What are 3 causes of hypophosphatemia?

A
  • decreased phos intake
  • Use of aluminum hydroxide or Mg-based antacids
  • Hyperparathyroidm, renal failure, DM, cancer
100
Q

What are the s/s of hypophosphatemia?

A

similar symptoms to hypercalcemia
-decreased cardiac output, decreased HR, decreased BP, weakness, rhabdomyolysis, decreased RR, decreased ventilation, irritability, seizure, coma

101
Q

Whar are 3 causes of hyperphosphatemia?

A
  • increased oral intake

- Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, cancer treatments

102
Q

What are the s/s of hyperphosphatemia?

A

same as hypocalcemia
-Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s sign, paresthesia, increased DTR, increased peristalsis, N/v/d, ecchymosis, petechiae, excessive bleeding, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest

103
Q

How do you correct hyperphosphatemia?

A

IV Ca gluconate, Ca and vit D supplements, etc

104
Q

What are the functions of Mg? (4)

A
  • Assist in skeletal/cardiac muscle contraction
  • Participate in CHO, protein, liquids, Vit B12 metabolism
  • Facilitate ATP formation
  • Contribute in vasodilation of peripheral arteries
105
Q

Where is Mg regulated?

A

in the kidneys

106
Q

What are the s/s of hypomagnesmia?

A

increased HR, decreased BP, arrhythmia, memory loss, confusion, tremor, ataxia, cramps, spasticity, tetany, increased DTR, Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s sign, decreased motility nausea, distention

107
Q

What IV therapy is done to correct hypomagnesmia?

A

Mg Sulfate (look our for increased MG by checking DTR, BP, ad RR and monitor renal function)

108
Q

What are the s/s of hypermagnesmia?

A

decreased impulses, decreased BP, vasodilation, decreased HR, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, lethargy, decreased DTR, weakness, decreased ventilation

109
Q

What is the normal range for magnesium?

A

1.3-2.1

110
Q

What is the normal range for phosphorus?

A

3.0-4.5

111
Q

What is the normal range for Chloride?

A

98-106

112
Q

What are the 3 functions of chloride?

A
  • Active component of renal physiology (goes with Na)
  • Balance acid-base (decreased Cl causes renal retention of bicarb –>metabolic alkalosis)
  • Form gastric acid HCl
113
Q

Which are the most important things to monitor when someone urinates a lot?

A

Potassium levels and dysrhythmias

114
Q

What’s the other name for aspirin?

A

acetylsalicylic acid

115
Q

What are the s/s of aspirin poisoning?

A

In acute poisoning, signs vary with increasing doses from mild lethargy and hyperpnea to coma and convulsions. Sweating, dehydration, hyperpnea, hyperthermia, and restlessness may be present with moderate doses. In chronic poisoning, tinnitus, skin rash, bleeding, weight loss, and mental symptoms may be present. Aspirin poisoning in very young infants may produce very few signs and symptoms other than dehydration or hyperpnea.

116
Q

Lack of insulin causes K…

A

depletion

117
Q

Lack of insulin causes increased fluid loss from hyperglycemia which causes excessive potassium_____________________

A

is excreted in urine

118
Q

_______ K level may occur in acidosis becuase of the shift of K from ___ to _____

A

high serum K levels, from inside the cells to the blood

119
Q

Serum K levels in DM may be _____ or ____ depending on hydration, severity of acidosis, and the pts response to the treatment

A

low (hypokalemia) or high (hyperkalemia)

120
Q

K is the major cation of the ….

A

intracellular fluid

121
Q

The Na/K pump moves extra sodium from the ____ and moves extra potassium from the _____

A

ICF to the ECF, K: from the ECF to the cell

122
Q

Hypokalemia is life threatening because…

A

it affects every body system

123
Q

Which diuretic increase excretion of K

A

loop diuretics, bumetanide, and thiazide diuretics

124
Q

What are the K sparing diuretics?

A

spironolactone, trimeterene, and amiloride

125
Q

What is the management of epistaxis?

A
  • POsition the pt upright and leaning forward to prevent blood from entering stomach and prevent aspiration
  • Keep pt quiet to reduce anxiety and BP
  • Apply direct lateral pressure the nose for 10 minutes (apply ice compresses to the nose and face)
  • Nasal packing with gauze or nasal tampons
  • Don’t blow nose for 24 hours after bleeding stops
  • if posterior bleed, could need posterior packing, epistaxis catheters, or gel tampon
126
Q

What medication is used in step one asthma?

A

as needed relief inhaler (rapid acting beta 2-agonist)

127
Q

What additional medication is used in step 2 asthma?

A

daily treatment with either Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) or leukotriene modifier

128
Q

What additional medication is used with step 3 asthma?

A

One of these 4 options:

1) low dose ICS AND long acting beta-2 agonist
2) Medium dose or high dose ICS
3) Low-dose ICS and leukotriene modifier
4) Low-dose ICS and sustained release theophylline

129
Q

What additional medication is used with step 4 asthma?

A

Step one and step three plus… One or more of these options:

1) Medium-dose or high-dose ICS and long acting beta 2-agonist
2) Leukotriene modifier and sustained-release theophylline

130
Q

What additional medication is used with step 5 asthma?

A

plus either

  • oral glucocorticosteroid
  • Anti-IgE treatment (immunoglobuline E)
131
Q

What happens when you give them a drug that acts on (increases) the sympathetic nervous system?

A

HR and BP increase, tachycardia, palpitations, angina, arrhythmias, hypertension

132
Q

Asthma is a _______airway obstruction caused by ____________ or ________________

A

reversible, inflammation or hyperresponsiveness (bronchoconstriction)

133
Q

What are the managements for asthma? ASTHMA abbrev.

A 
A: Adrenergics (beta 2 agonists)
S: Steroids
T: Theophylline
H: Hydration
M: Mask O2
A: Anticholinergics
134
Q

Aspirin overdose leads to which pH imbalance? What is the respiratory symptom?

A

Metabolic acidosis, Kussmaul respirations (increased rate and depth)

135
Q

Hypokalemia results in which ABG problem?

A

respiratory alkalosis

136
Q

If disassociation curve shifts to the left, then hemoglobin…
-examples of left curve shift…

A

holds onto the O2

-cold or alkalosis (conserves energy and holds onto O2)

137
Q

If disassociation curve shifts to the right, then hemoglobin…
-examples of right curve shift…

A

releases O2

-hot (hyperthermia) or acidosis

138
Q

What 3 things does aldosterone increase?

A
  • increases Na and Cl
  • increases H20 reabsorption
  • increases K excretion
139
Q

Uncontrolled diabetes puts you at a high risk for…

A

dehydration

140
Q

Ca and phosphate have a ____ relationship

A

inverse

Med Surg 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions