Test One Flashcards
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
Caused by damage to the area directly in front of Broca’s area, the prefrontal, and connections between the two. Go button is broken, and do tasks literally.
Definition of Aphasia (Basics 6)
Acquired, left side language function, multimodal, affects both expressive and receptive, caused by brain damage, and cognition is relatively intact.
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Caused by damage to the fibers between Wernicke’s, angular gyrus, and parietal lobe. Comprehension is difficult. Distinguished from Wernicke’s because speech is intact but comprehension is poor.
Transcortical Mixed Aphasia
Caused by damage to the area in front of Broca’s and behind Wernicke’s. Likely caused by anoxic brain damage. Cannot talk or comprehend, but can repeat.
Jargon
Undifferentiated- same non word repeated over and over again. Neologistic- different non words repeated over and over again. Semantic- non meaningful at the sentence level but individuals words are understandable.
MRI
Uses magnetic field to attract hydrogen in water. Cell death means that no water and therefore hydrogen is present. If no water the area will appear white. Extremely expensive and must stay completely still during process.
fMRI
Functional MRI. Measures the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the brain. Less hemoglobin the more oxygen is being used, and the more oxygen the more active that area of the brain is. Shows what areas have taken over for damaged areas and what areas may not be directly damaged but function below normal.
Photon Emission Tomography
PET Scan. Radioactive tracer is injected or inhaled into the body. The scan picks up the tracer and converts it into a 3d image. May take up to three hours to complete and individual must stay completely still during that time.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Measures water movement across mylinated axons. Can look at the damage in the connections between the brain. Is good for anoxic damage.
Subcortical Aphasia
Caused by damage swelling in the language areas of the brain. Exhibit phonemic paraphasias.
ICF Activities and Participation
Executing life tasks. Capacity-standard environment. Performance- current environment.
ICF Environmental Factors
External factors that influence functioning and disability. Can include policies, services, attitudes, and systems.
Disability Epidemiology
The study of the distribution, determinants, correlates, and outcomes of disability and the application of this study to maximizing the health, participation, and quality of life of people and persons with disability.
Completed Stroke
Maximum damage to the brain but individual is physiologically stable. May begin therapy.
Boston Diagnostic Exam
Measure of body function. Contains language sample, comprehension tasks for reading, writing, and speaking. Contains vocabulary controls. Major problem is that it is out of context and does not give accurate representation of the conversational strengths and weaknesses of an individual. Was intended to classify individuals based on their type of aphasia, and was not indented for basing therapy goals off of.
CALD-2
Similar to the ASHA FACS but standardized. Is a good test for how patients participate in environment. Sets up scenarios and scores patient responses. Decontextualixed so not most accurate on skill level. Good for creating therapy goals in relation to activity and participation.
ASHA FACS
Based off of the predecessor to the ICF. Is a test of how well individuals participate in daily life. Is rated on a 7 point Likert scale. Rating is highly subjective, and there is poor interrater reliability. Has a good interview guide that could be used, and good for creation of functional goals.
1 PICA
No response.
2 PICA
Attention, but no response.
3 PICA
Minimal, unintelligible response that cannot be differentiated from other responses.
4 PICA
Unintelligible, or incomprehensible response that can be differentiated from other responses.
5 PICA
Intelligible, but not associated with test response.
6 PICA
Error, inaccurate response.
7 PICA
Related, but inaccurate response.
8 PICA
Cued, accurate response to test item after cue or additional information.
9 PICA
Repetition after repeated instructions or after prolonged delay.
10 PICA
Corrected-self correcting.
11 PICA
Incomplete delayed; accurate but incomplete response that was slow.
12 PICA
Incomplete, accurate response to test item but lacking completeness.
13 PICA
Complete delayed response.
14 PICA
Distorted, accurate, responsive, complete but is slow.
15 PICA
Complete, accurate, responsive, and immediate.
16 PICA
Complex, accurate, and responsive.
Neuroplasticity
The ability of the brain to form new neural connections due to environmental changes. This is why therapy exists.
Statistical Application of ICF
Allows better statistical data for disability epidemiology and therefore a better societal cost.
Research Application of ICF
Allows researchers and clinicians to ‘speak the same language’. Will help foster research on the relationship between body function and structure and activities in participation, more reliable and accurate measures for activities and participation and environmental factors in rehab process, increase attention to effects of the ICF and quality of life, and the role personal factors play in the rehab process.
Definition of Aphasia Papathanasiou
An acquired selective impairment of language modalties and functions resulting from a focal point brain legion in the language dominant hemisphere that affects the persons communication and social functioning, and quality of life of themselves and their caregivers.
Broca’s Aphasia
Caused by damage to Broca's area. Comprehension is good. Production- Poor intelligibility and poor syntax. Nonfluent. Can read, write, but problems repeating.
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Caused by damage to Wernicke's area. Comprehension is poor. Production- phonemic paraphasias and neologisms. Fluent. Cannot read, write, or repeat.
Anomic Aphasia
Caused by damage to half of the angular gyrus.
Comprehension is good.
Production -anomic (word finding).
Can repeat and read.
Global Aphasia
Caused by damage to Wernicke’s, Broca’s, and angular gyrus.
Comprehension is poor.
Production is poor, phonemic paraphasias, anmoic, neologisms.
Cannot read, write, or repeat.
Can understand gestures, pictures, and facial expressions.
Conduction Aphasia
Caused by damage to the fibers between Wernicke’s and Broca’s.
Comprehension is good.
Production-poor, phonemic paraphasias.
Can communicate and comprehend, but not repeat.
Right Hemisphere Syndrome
Acquired damage to the right hemisphere of the brain and affects the nonlinguistic aspects of language. Cognition is relatively intact.
Right Hemisphere Syndrome Symptoms
Prosody, discourse production, discourse comprehension, pragmatics, emotional and nonverbal communication, figurative and implied language, visospatial aspects of reading and writing, Theory of Mind, humor, executive functioning, left side neglect, and lack of insight.
Phonemic Paraphasias
More than half of the produced sounds are the target sounds of the word.
Semantic Paraphasias
Wrong word but is related semantically.
Anomia
Word finding difficulties.
Stereotypes
Only speak in one word form.
Perservation
Stuck on thought, phrase, word, or test answer.
Agramatism
Lack of grammatical markers, poor syntax.
Alexia
Trouble reading.
Agraphia
Trouble writing.
CT Scan
Sends radiation through body and records how much radiation passes through. Less radiation the darker the area appears. Measures density of the brain. Cheapest method but highly invasive. Cannot pick up stroke that has just occurred because density has not changed yet.
Left and Right Visual Primary
Knowing you see something.
Left and Right Visual Secondary
Left- linear memories, reading, writing.
Right- global object recognition, facial recognition.
Angular Gyrus
Tertiary area, translator between parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe.
Pre Frontal Cortex
Inhibition, to do or not to do.
Motor Cortex
Responsible for all motor movement.
Cerebellum
Fine motor movements.
Wernicke’s Area
All auditory memories of words.
Right Analogous area to Wernicke’s
All auditory memories of intonation.
Broca’s Area
All motor memories of words.
Right Analogous area to Broca’s
All motor memories of intonation.
Limbic System
Responsible for emotions in conversation and talking and emotional memory.
Primary Stomasensory
Responsible for noticing you feel something.
Secondary Stomasensory
Responsible for all memories of what objects feel like.
Left and Right Posterior Parietal Lobe
Left- knowledge and knowing, academic information, factual information, and meaning of words.
Right- holistic knowledge of the world, abstract concepts, idioms, humor, proverbs.
ICF Personal Factors
Internal factors that affection functioning and disability.
Aphasia Severity and ICF
Body function and body structure.
Participation and Life Habits and ICF
Activities and participation, however, not a full look of life habits.
Quality of Life and ICF
Combination of all four facets.
Transit Ischemic Attack
Stroke in which symptoms disappear after 24 hours. Caused by blockage in blood vessel that dissipates. Overt functioning may be back, but area of brain may sill be damaged. Warning sign for other strokes to come.
Reversible Ischemic Attack
Same as TIA only 72 hours.
Evolving Stroke
Continually having large strokes, if not controlled they will pass. Not seen for therapy.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Caused by bursting of blood vessel in brain. Will fill brain with blood, then spinal column.
Ischemic Stroke
Caused by blockage in blood vessel in brain.
ASHA Quality of Life Scale
Based off of the ICF to determine quality of life. Uses picture scale for answers by patients. Still relies heavily on communication skills, and uses complex sentences.
Clinical Application of ICF
Look and treat environmental factors. Look at capacity and performance, generalizing what is taught in therapy. Look at client as a whole, bigger picture.
Social Policy Application of ICF
Environmental factors that inhibit therapy, and growth. Empower clients to change them.
Educational Application of ICF
Students look at complexity of job across all characteristics of individuals. Realize similarities among populations, and differences among individuals with same disorder.
