test one Flashcards
function of blood
- Transport: O2, CO2, nutrients, hormones, wastes
- Regulates: pH and ion compositions by absorbing and neutralizing acids
3, Restricts: Fluid loss at injury sites with clotting process - Defends: against toxins and pathogens with WBC and antibodies
- Stabilizes: temp by absorbing heart and distributing blood flow to different areas
Red blood cells/Erythrocytes function
- Transport of respiratory gasses (O2 & CO2)
- RBCs play an important role in homeostasis of acids — Base balance `
Red blood cell sizes
Normocytes: normal cell size
Microcytic: small cell size
Macrocytic: large cell size
Hemoglobin content
Normochromic: normal Hb content
Hypochromic: low Hb content
HyperchromicL high Hb content
What blood cells/leukocytes (WBC)
- Less than 1% of all blood cells
- Larger than RBCs
- Helps the body defend against pathogens
- Removes toxins, wastes, and abnormal or damaged cells
- Contains a nucleus unlike a RBC
- Lacks hemoglobin
- Circulates for a short portion of lifespan (about 20 days)
- some WBCs leave the bloodstream and migrate through other tissues of the body
- Some remain in the tissues outside the bloodstream
Types of WBCs
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes: These are apart of the bodies nonspecific defences, responds to ant threat, without having to identify specific pathogens.
Lymphocytes: Respond to any threat, without having to identify specific pathogens .
To remember the size from largest to smallest of WBCa remember..
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Palates thrombocytes/megakaryocytes
One of the formed elected officials the blood
Specialized cell fragments in the body that pay a major role in blood clotting
Has no nucleus and is about half the size of RBCs
Lifespan: of about 9-12 days, and is removed by phagocytosis primarily in the spleen
Blood plasma
Liquids protein of whole blood
contains no formed elements
Transports organic and inorganic molecules
3% of total O2 transported in blood
5% of total CO2 transported in blood
composition
Water (92%) containing many dissolved substances including:
plasma proteins (7%)
other solutes (1% nutrients, Electrolytes, organic wastes)
3 major types of plasma proteins
- Albumins: Most abundant (about 60% of all plasma proteins)
- globulins: About 35% of plasma proteins, acts as transport proteins and antibodies or immunoglobulins. Globulins involved liopid transport called lipoprotein.
- Fibrinogen: About 4% of plasma proteins, function in blood clotting as insoluble strands of fibrin.
Blood is divided into two fractions (assuming 5.0L total)
- Plasma: extracellular part of blood: Liquide component 2.75 L (55%)
- Formed elements: Contains the cellular components (RBC, WBC, Platelets) 2.25L (45%)
Blood volumes in the body
Adult males average about 5-6 L of blood
Adult females average about 4-5 L of blood
Varies by average body size
Blood pH
Blood is alkaline — pH 7.35 to pH 7.45
If blood moves towards neutral you can become very sick “acidosis**
Blood lifespan
The average RBC lifespan is 120 days
Storage of donated blood is limited to 6 weeks
RBC formation
- Also called erythropoiesis
- In adults, it occurs in red bone marrow or myeloid tissue
- Requires amino acids =, iron, vitamins, vitamin B12 absorption requires intrinsic factor
- In adults, red bone marrow is found in vertebrae, sternum, ribs, scapulae, pelvis, proximal limb bones
