test once Flashcards
“The Prophet Elisha Went up and Lay Upon the Child, and Put His Mouth on His Mouth, and His Eyes on His Eyes, and His Hands Upon His Hands, and Stretched Himself Upon Him, and the Flesh of the Child Became Warm… The Child Sneezed Seven Times and Opened His Eyes.
(11 Kings, 4:34-35). Written Around 800 B.C.
Reported sucsessfull mouth to mouth ventilation, but due to the fact the touching the dead was not accepted in England at the time, it would be another 6 years until mouth to mouth ventilation would be attempted again.
John Fothergill, 1744.
Gave the first written directions for endotracheal intubation, when he stated; One should introduce a hollow cannula into the trachea so that air may be pulled into the lungs.
Hippocrates
Did experiments by placing small animals into air tight boxes and noticed the animals all died. This was the first experiment showing that fresh air must be abundant for life.
Aristotle
Well known Greek physician who did extensive study on dogs, apes, and cows and deduced that their anatomy was not much different than our own. Due to political and religious influences, for more than 1300 years his death (the dark ages), no further study on the anatomy of the human body was allowed.
Galen, 200AD
Is credited with the first form of mechanical ventilation during a surgery. He intubated dogs and ventilated them with constant flow from a dual-bellows machine, which he developed. Due to the constant flow, hook would induce bilateral pnuomothoax by making small incisions in the thorax wall, allowing for continuous air leak through the thorax. This was probably the first beneficial bronchoplural fistula.
Robert Hook 1635 ? 1703.
Is credited with the first form of mechanical ventilation when he inserted a tube connected to a fire bellows into a patients mouth and ventilated the patient for a period of time.
Paracelsus 1493 ? 1541
Dutch and the society for drowned persons, in 1767 formulated guidelines to attempt to ressusitate near drowned individuals. These recommendations included:
I. Mouth to mouth ventilation
II. Inducing warmth
III. Compress the chest and stomach to aid in exhalation
Tidal Volume
The bigger this is the lower my CO2 should be, if I set this parameter to big, I will cause pneumothorax. I should never have a Pplat above 30 cmH2O
Respiration
The faster this is the lower the CO2 should be. As long as my volumes are not to low.
PIFR ( peak inperatiory flow rate
In Volume ventilation, the faster (or higher) this is, the shorter my Inspiratory time will be.
High Pressure Limit
If I set my Vt to high, or if my lungs are too stiff (non-compliant), then this should stop the breath.
Peep
If my PaO2 is to low, I should increase my FiO2 until I reach 60% then I should increase this.
FI02
.21 of room air
mode
Determines the breath delivery type.
