Test on Thursday October 6, 2016

Question 1

Define Atomic Radius.

Answer 1

It is the distance from nucleus to outermost electron.

Question 2

Define Ionic Radius.

Answer 2

Like atomic radius, defined as distance from nucleus to outermost electron.

Cations who have lost electrons are smaller than respective atom. This occurs for metals.

Anions who have gained electrons are larger than respective atom. This occurs for non-metals

Question 3

Define First Ionization Energy.

Answer 3

Energy needed to remove one electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Question 4

What is a wavelength?

Answer 4

The distance between successive crests of a wave, especially points in a sound wave or electromagnetic wave.

Question 5

Define Electronegativity.

Answer 5

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Question 6

What did Dalton do?

Answer 6

The first person who establish the first modern atomic theory.

Question 7

Define Multiple Ionization Energies.

Answer 7

Is the energy needed to take away electrons one at a time.

Question 8

Describe 2 ways the line spectrum of hydrogen and sodium would differ.

Answer 8

The dispersion/convergence of colors would be different.

The colors from the two line spectra will be different.

Question 9

What did Chadwick do?

Answer 9

The one who named protons and neutrons nucleons after discovery. He took the nucleus idea from Rutherford and explored further.

Question 10

What are the 3 types of Radiation in increasing danger?

Answer 10

Alpha Radiation

Beta Radiation

Gamma Radiation

Question 11

What is a frequency?

Answer 11

The rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or in a given sample.

Question 12

What did Bohr do?

Answer 12

Made the Bohr model.

Question 13

For the 3 types of Radiation, what do they each release?

Answer 13

Alpha Radiation — Releases a particle consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons from a nucleus.

Beta Radiation — One type changes a neutron into a proton releasing an electron from the nucleus.

Gamma Radiation — Releases high energy light from the nucleus.

In general, only one type of radiation will be released at a time from an atom when decaying.

Question 14

What did Rutherford do?

Answer 14

From his gold foil experiment, he discovered there are nucleus in an atom.

Question 15

State 2 properties of metals and provide 3 examples.

Answer 15

Liquid — Mercury and Bromine

Solid – Any metal: Silver, Gold, Titanium

Question 16

Identify 4 useful radioisotopes and describe one non-military use for each.

Answer 16

Iodine-131 used for medical tracer

Cobalt-60 used for radiotherapy

Carbon-14 used for dating old organisms

Uranium-235 used for nuclear energy

Question 17

What did Thompson do?

Answer 17

He discovered the electron.

Question 18

What are the limitations to the Bohr model? 3

Answer 18

Bohr model assumes/suggests:

Electron motion is not predictable

Probability clouds are different

An incorrect scale of an atom
Atom is mostly empty space

Question 19

What did Democritus do?

Answer 19

Coined the word atom. He theorized that if you take anything like a stone that you cannot break it up any further, therefore it is indivisible.

Question 20

State two observed differences between a line spectrum and a continuous spectrum. 2. 4 in total

Answer 20

The continuous spectra has the same intensity for each color.

The line spectrum has different intensities for each of its color.

The continuous spectrum contains all the frequencies of visible light. From low energy, long wavelength red light to high energy, short wavelength violet light.

The line spectra only shows certain frequencies of visible light emitted from the substance you are looking at.

Question 21

What is the easiest subatomic particle to remove?

Answer 21

An electron has the least binding energy and is therefore the easiest to remove.