Test On Aristotle Flashcards
What is the primary substance of rhetorical persuasion?
Enthymemes
What are the four uses of rhetoric according to Aristotle?
1) prevent the unjust from prevailing
2) persuade the unteachable
3) learn how to argue both sides
4) defend yourself
What are two characteristics does rhetoric have so that it is considered an art?
Rhetoric has
1) some people are naturally good at it
2) some people come by it easily
3) and it can be applied to any subject
What are the five uses of eloquence and rhetoric according to John piper?
Awaken sensitivity Speak memorable Gain sympathy Increase power Keep interest
Write Aristotle’s definition of rhetoric Word for Word
Rhetoric may be defined as the faculty of observing in any given case be available means of persuasion
What three abilities must an orator have and their corresponding parts of rhetoric?
1) reasonable logic
2) understand human character and goodness in the various forms
3) to understand the emotions
Political
Assemblyman politician, future, persuade/dissuade, expediency or harm
Forensic
Judge or jury, past, attack/defend, justice/injustice
Ceremonial
Observers, present, praise/censure, honor or dishonor
What are the four definitions of happiness
1) prosperity combined with virtue
2) Independence of life
3) Secure enjoyment of the maximum of pleasure
4) good condition of property and body
What are the 16 parts of happiness
1) good birth 2)good children 3)plenty of friends 4) good friends 5) plenty of children 6)good luck 7) virtue 8)wealth 9) happy old age
List scripture references that show a biblical perspective on happiness
Proverbs 3:13
How does Aristotle view the importance of happiness?
It’s helpful in persuading men because men do what makes them happy and they don’t do what won’t make them happy. It’s like forensic oratory because you can persuade someone to do something and tell them it will make them happy.
What is Aristotle mean by goodness?
1) that which ought to be chosen for its own sake
2) that for the sake of which we choose something else
List of things that are admittedly good that are not already included in the parts of happiness
Courage
List things that are admittedly good that are not already included in the parts of happiness
Justice, magnanimity
List things which are likely to be good but might not be
1) that which is sought after by men
2) that which is good
Given example of two opposite things each being considered a greater good
Harder thing to do versus the easier thing to do
What are four types of government and their respective over arching values
Democracy and freedom, oligarchy wealth, aristocracy maintenance of education, monarchy
According to Cicero what are the tones of delivery by category and subcategory?
Under the conversational tone are one dignified two explicative three narrative four facetious under debate is one broken two sustained under amplification is one hortatory two pathetic
Identify the 9 virtues, noble actions, and several ways to heighten praise
Justice courage temperance magnificence magnanimity liberality gentleness prudence wisdom
Things productive of virtue are noble, things are noble for which the reward is simply honor, actions whose advantage maybe enjoyed after death, actions done for the sake of others, things are noble for which men’s drive anxiously without feeling fear, avenge oneself, victory, honor
1they are the only one who does it. 2he does it best. 3when he did it. 4consistent with his character (they do it all the time). 5compare to famous men. 6examples
How does Aristotle define wrongdoing?
Wrong-doing is an injury voluntarily inflicted contrary to law.
Map the causes of wrong action
Voluntary. Involuntary
Habit/reasoning Chance/necessity
Rational/irratio/Compulsion/nature
/anger/appetite/
Explain how “pleasure” relates to a forensic oratory?
People commit wrong to feel pleasure or to inflict pain.
Why do people commit wrong acts, according to Aristotle
They commit crimes because they think they will get away with it or they will commit the crime because they think that committing the crime will outway the effects of not committing the crime. NO SELF CONTROL
What are the two kinds of law?
Particular law and universal law
Particular law is that which each community lays down and applies to its own members. Universal law is the law of nature.
What is equity and what does it bid us do?
It makes up for the defects of the communities written code of law. It is the word of justice which goes beyond the written law.
Define emotions
The emotions are all those feelings that so change man As to affect their judgments and are also attended by pain or pleasure
What three things must one conveyed to establish ethos
Good sense
Good moral character
And good will.
Describe two techniques that might be helpful in arousing any emotion.
Stories tones delivery expression
What traits distinguish young man from old
Live by expectation verses live by memory
Changeable verses stuck in their way
Trusting verses distrustful
Cowardly verses anticipate danger
List two arguments you could use to show that thing was possible
If the less likely of the two things has occurred, the more likely must have also occurred.
That if a man had the power and the wish to do a thing, he has done it; for everyone does do whatever he can do it, there being nothing to stop him.
What is the difference between induction and deduction
Induction goes from a particular to a universal. Deduction goes from a universal to a particular.
Which are the three kinds of examples what is generally most powerful
Past fact, illustrative example, fable.
Which of the above connects to enthymeme and which to example
Deduction to enthymeme
Example to induction
Define maxim
A statement of a general kind of question of practical conduct
How is a maxim used most effectively and what gives maxims persuasive power?
When older men give them a maxim is used most effectively. Most advantageous when want of intelligence in hearers (wants to hear them), people like to agree with what they hear.
