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IPAP Research Evaluation Chance > Test Material From Slides > Flashcards

Test Material From Slides Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Primary and Secondary Research?

A

Primary: Those that report original research

Secondary: Those that draw conclusion from original research

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2
Q

What is the difference between Experimental and Observational Research?

A

Experimental: An intervention is made or variables are manipulated

Observational: No intervention is made and no variables manipulated

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3
Q

Define “Peer Review”

A

Process by which the author’s peers and recognized researches in the field read and evaluate the paper

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4
Q

What is Evidence Based Practice?

A

Integration of research evidence and clinical expertise

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5
Q

Why EBP?

A
  • Textbooks usually do not contain the latest information
  • Clinical improvements are constantly changing
  • equip ourselves with the latest and most clinically relevant evidence
  • Overcome limitations
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6
Q

What is the usefulness of medical formula?

A

Relevance X Validity
________________
Time
Relevance: Direct applicability to patient care
Validity: Technical rigor of the study
Work: Time, money, effort required to answer the clinical question

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7
Q

What is the difference between background and foreground questions?

A

Background: general knowledge about an illness, disease, process, condition

Foreground: specific knowledge to inform clinical decisions

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8
Q

What is the PICOTT Acronym?

A 
Patient, Problem or Population
Intervention 
Comparison/Control 
Outcome 
Type of Question 
Type of Study
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9
Q

What is a therapy question?

A

Questions of Treatment in order to achieve and outcome

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10
Q

What is a diagnosis questions

A

Questions of identification of a disorder in a patient presenting specific symptoms

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11
Q

What is a prevention question?

A

Questions that best preventive measure for a disease

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12
Q

What is a Eitology/Harm Question?

A

Questions of negative impact from an intervention or disease (identify causes)

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13
Q

Prognosis

A

Questions about the progression of a disease or likelihood of a disease occuring

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14
Q

Name the type of studies that work with Therapy

A

Double-Blind Random Controlled Trial (RCT)

  • Systematic Review
  • Meta-Analysis of RCT
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15
Q

Name the type of studies that work with Diagnosis

A

Contolled Trial/Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis/Cross Sectional

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16
Q

Name the type of studies that work with Prevention

A

RCT/Cohort studies

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17
Q

Name the type of studies that work with Prognosis

A

Cohort Studies/Case-Control Study/Case Series

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18
Q

Name the type of studies that work with Eitology/Harm

A

Cohort Studies

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19
Q

What is PPICONS?

A 
Problem 
Patient or Population 
Intervention 
Comparison 
Outcome 
Number of Subjects 
Statistics
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20
Q

Define Retrospective Studies

A

Begin and End in the present, look backward to collect exposure information to evaluate outcomes today (Pre-exsitnig Data)

21
Q

Define Prospective Studies

A

Begin in the present and looks forward collecting outcome data in the future

22
Q

Define Qualitative verses Quantitative

A

Qualitative: Prespectives/Explainations- increases our understanding of why

Quantitative:
Measurements/Values- research collects data for numerical analysis

23
Q

What is Descriptive Research ?

A

A part of quantitative research:

Observes Associatons/Shows Patterns/Generates HYPOTHESIS

24
Q

What is Analytic Research?

A

Tests Hypothesis by investigating relationships and associations

25
Q

What are the two subcategories of Descriptive?

A

Individuals and populations

26
Q

What are the two subcategories of Analytic?

A

Experimental/Observational

27
Q

What are Case Reports?

A

Single Case to the attention of Colleagues

28
Q

What is a Case series?

A

Report on a Series of similar, interesting cases

29
Q

What is an Ecologic Study?

A

Study whole populations rather than individuals

30
Q

What is the Experimental study?

A

Studied controls under control of the researcher

31
Q

What is the Observational study?

A

Variables are not under the researchers control

32
Q

What are exposures?

A

Contacts with risk factors

33
Q

Outcomes

A

The effects being measured

34
Q

Cases

A

Those patients(Subjects) who have the outcome of interest

35
Q

Controls

A

Subjects in the comparison group

36
Q

Variable

A

characteristic that assumes different values for different subjects

37
Q

Independent Variable

A

“independent” of the outcome (treatment does not affect these values)

38
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The measurable outcome variable

39
Q

Counfounding Variables

A

Additional independent variables which influence dependent variables (often not under investigators control)

40
Q

Define Correlation

A

Two or more things or events tend to occur at the same time and might be associated with each other, but are not necessarily connected by cause/effect relationship

41
Q

Define Causation

A

Events appear to be the results brought about by identifiable causes

42
Q

Define Chance

A

Random Error

43
Q

Bias

A

systematic Error in design, conduct, analysis of a study that do not represent the true findings

44
Q

3 main sources of Bias

A

Sampling Bias (selection bias)
Measurement Bias- errors in calculation/inaccurate
Other Sources: funding/subject, investigator

45
Q

Define Validity

A

Degree to which measurement represents a true value

46
Q

Reliability

A

Reproduce ability of a measurement

47
Q

Incidence

A

Number of Cases over Time

48
Q

Prevalence

A

Total Cases at a point in time

IPAP Research Evaluation Chance (1 decks)

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