Test III Phys Diag II Flashcards
what are the nine regions of the abdomen?
- Epigastric,
- Umbilical,
- Hypogastric (pubic),
- and 5. right and left hypochondriac,
- and 7. right and left lumbar,
- and 9. right and left inguinal
what are the dividing lines for the nine quadrants
lowest edge of costal margin and the iliac crests and two at the midclavicular lines
Purple stretch marks may be an indication of what pathology
cushings disease
from the xiphoid to the pubic bone, when prone, what is typical of the shape of the abdomen?
scaphoid shape. or like a canoe or boat.
name 7 types of abdominal hernias
epigastric paraumbilical umbilical lumbar spigelian femoral inguinal
what is a spigilian hernia
one that is lateral to the rectus abdominus muscles.
what is the most common type of hernia
umbilical
separation of the rectus abdominus seen in pregant women mostly.
diastasis recti
when a patient has a prominent midline bulge when patient raises their head
Diastasis recti
there are three types of abdominal palpation. what are they and how deep do you press?
light palpation 1 cm
moderate palpation 2-3 cm
Deep palpation 4cm or deeper
is deep palpation optional in assessing the abdominal organs?
no, it is a must
how do you do deep palpation. what does your hand look like?
use the palm of the hand with fingers together
When can false positives of pain occur during deep palpation of the abdomen
ilioceal region, sigmoid, aorta on a thin patient, iliac crest
floating ribs, other bony prominences.
when you increase intra-abdominal pressure you can get what two major things
hiatal hernia
hemorrhoids
areas of false positives for masses?
feces in the colon, lateral borders of the rectus abdominus
uterus
aorta
common iliac arteries
liver palpation what side of the patient do you stand on
right
where do you place your hand on the patient to begin liver palpation
inferior costal margin, 11th and 12th ribs
Thats not my
name
when do you use liver punch, or liver percussion.
when tenderness cannot be palpated.
are most gallbladders palpable?
nope, if you can. its prolly not that healthy
why would gallbladder be palpable
cholecystitis
cholelythyisis
during deep palpation of the gallbladder region as the patient to take a deep breath.
as the inflamed gallbladder wall moves closter to the peritoneum and palpating hands, the patient will experience pain and halt inspiration ( positive sign)
Murphy’s sign
what is murphy’s sign testing for
cholecystitis
female, forty, fat, flatulent,
gallstones basically. or inflammation.
what is the main difference between spleen and liver palpation
place the palm of the right hand on the abdomen below the left costal margin, but at the midaxillary line!!!!
should you feel the spleen
NO way!
which kidney is usually unpalpable
left kidney
kidney percussion is best accomplished first with the patient in what position
seated
pathologic increase in fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascities
pain in the heart or stomach region upon palpation of McBurney’s point appendicities
Aaron
Rebound tenderness appendicities
Blumberg
Heel Strike ( anvil test ) appendicities
strike the bottom of the foot
area between umbilicus and asis
McBurney’s point
Right lower quadrant pain worsened by left lower quadrant palpation Appendicities
Rovsing
Heel Jar Drop body weight quickly from toes to heels
Markle ( Heel Jar)
ecchymosis around the umbilicus
Cullen
Ecchymosis of the flanks
Grey Turner
abdominal pain radiating to the left shoulder in ectopic pregnancy, splenic rupture
Kehr sign
cholecystitis usually refers where
subscapular pain. shoulder pain.
Absence of bowel sounds in right lower quadrant, intussusception, one portion of the bowel that telescopes into another.
Dance
how long is the esophagus usually
10 inches long
esophagus passes through what sphincter through the diaphragm
cardiac
the esophagus passes—- to the trachea and —– to the spine
posterior to trachea and anterior to spine.
those with diabetes often develop a condition called what.. that gives the GERD
Gastroparesis. occurs in at least 20% of diabetic patients
More than what percent of asthmatics suffer GERD?
50%
who takes calcium channel blockers?
people with heart disease
Another name for a hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hernia.
what are the ttwo types of hiatal hernias
paraesophageal and gastirc/sliding/axial
hiatal hernias more common in what countries
western
what percent of patients with hernias are over 70
70%
diverticula are most commonly found where
descending colon
how to tell a hiatal hernia from GERD?
they have everything the same as far as symptoms, but hiatal hernias have a shorter timeframe, GERD takes a long time!
who has a high instance of stomach cancer
Koreans
picking someone out that has stomach cancer is not really possible is it?
no, symptoms are so everyday. need a biopsy or imaging
what percent of gastric cancers are diagnosed before problems
10-20 percent
what is the radiographic sign of gastric adenocarcinoma
apple core sign
infant constantly hungry, loose green stools, dehydration, failure to gain weight or weight loss, belching, belly pain.
pyloric stenosis symptoms, kids
What order do you do the abdomen exam?
enspection
auscultation
percussion
palpation
a fan-shaped fold of the peritoneum, covers most of the small intestine and anchors it to the posterior abdominal wall
the mesentery
a serous membrane, lines the cavity and forms a protective cover for many of the abdominal structures
peritoneum
how long is the alimentary tract
27 feet from mouth to anus
esophagus length
10 inches long
small intestine length
21 feet
large intestine length
4.5 to 5 feet long
where does the esophagus enter the stomach
cardiac orifice
what are the three sections of the stomach
fundus
body pylorus
ileocecal valve is between what two things
ileum and large intestine
