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Test III Flashcards

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1
Q

Nero

A 
54-68
Julio-Claudian
Mother Agripina ruled for son
Introduced Greek Style to Rome
failed assassinations in 55 and 56 
66 moved to east 
Revolts in frontiers 
Suicide in 68 after Galba claims emperor
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2
Q

Great Fire

A

64
Nero builds golden palace after
Blames Christians

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3
Q

Boudicca’s Revolt

A

61
Last king of Icani died
Widow organized revolt
Setonius organized Roman suppression

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4
Q

Judea Revolt

A

65
after procurate took money from temple
Vespasian sent to repress Revolt

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5
Q

Year 69

A 
2 Coups (Galba and Aulus Vitellus)
4 Emperors (Galba, Vitellus, Otho, Vespasian)
2 Major Battles (Battle of Bedriacum I and II)
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6
Q

Videx the Gaul

A

68 attempted to oust Nero but defeated by Vergimus Rufus

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7
Q

Galba

A

68 claims emperor
March on Rome
Killed by Preatorian Guard before facing Vitelus

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8
Q

Aulus Vitelus

A

March on Rome 69 after army calls him emperor
Defeated Otho
Raped and pillaged his way to emperorship

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9
Q

Otho

A

Thought of himself as son of Galba
Called emperor by preatorians
Defeated in 69 at Battle of Bedriacum by Vitelus

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10
Q

Battle of Bedriacum

A

69
Vitelus vs Otho
Vitelus won

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11
Q

Vespasian

A 
Equstrian, military man
69-79 army calls him emperor
Supported by Antonius Primus 
Took Rome after Battle of Bedriacum II
Restored order (Revolt in Judea and NE Gaul)
Benefical ideaology
Took new census 73&74 
expelled old senators and increased their number
Defined power of princeps
Co-ruled with son Titus
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12
Q

Second Battle of Bedriacum

A

69
between Vespasian and Vitellus
Vespasian won

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13
Q

Beneficial Ideaology

A

emperor was open handed and looked out for the people (bread and circuses and public works)

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14
Q

Titus

A

79-81
Flavian
handed out aid

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15
Q

Domitian

A 
81-96
Flavian
ruled like autocrat
Kept father's advisers Aricola and Trajan
Roman citizenship to towns in Iberia
Starts Defense in Depth
expands empire to Britain
83 Campaign against Chatti
85 War with Dacian King
89 Revolt of L Antonius Saturninus
     Raised pay of legions
93 Reign of terror against aristocracy
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16
Q

Barbarian Tribes

A

Dacians, Macromani, Sarmatinas

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17
Q

War on Danube

A

86-88
Against Decigalus, king of Dacians
Resolved by Negotiations >Rome recognizes kingship of Decigalus

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18
Q

Delatores

A

People who pursued charges against others during Domitian’s Reign of Terror

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19
Q

Nerva

A 
96-98
Not Flavian
No Dynasty
Tried to erase Domitian from history 
Alimente
adopted Trajan
    solution to succession problem
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20
Q

Alimente

A

Nerva’s social legislation
Poor could barrow money from emperor at reasonable intrest, which was payed back to the town to support poor children
beneficial ideology in action

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21
Q

Trajan

A

98-117
New preatorian gaurd
Stated campaign against Dacians
Defeated Decigalus (became client king)
improved roads and built bridge across Danube
Annexes Dacia
Trajan’s forum (bascilica, 2 libraries, Trajan’s column)
consciliated senate
expanded alimenta
appointed curatores (fiscal managers) in cities
Attempted to conquer Parthia, but failed

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22
Q

Defeat of Decigalus

A

101

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23
Q

Dacian Revolt

A

105

Results in annexation and enslavement of Dacia

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24
Q

Curatories

A

Trajan’s fiscal managers of cities

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25
Q

King Chosroes

A

King of Parthia who started aggression with Rome by placing relative as king in Armenia

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26
Q

Subjugation and annexation of Armenia

A

Trajan 114

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27
Q

Subjugation and annexation of Ninevah

A

Trajan 115

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28
Q

Failed conquest of Parthia

A

116

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29
Q

Jewish Revolt is Diaspora communities

A

116

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30
Q

Great division of the ancient world

A

City dwellers/civilized vs barbarians

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31
Q

la Tene cvilization

A

500 BC interior europe

tribe people with aristocracy, hill forts, metal working, money and wheel pottery.

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32
Q

Barbarian lifestyle

A

agricultural, no towns and lose government. Illiterate

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33
Q

De Balo Gallico

A

51 BC Caesar’s account of Germany through his campaign. Culture primitive to Celts, metal working, no money, no professional priesthood, human sacrifice. Farmers who lived in hamlets, mixed farmers (grains and animals). Bogs sacred spaces. Iron poor, main weapon was the spear, main tactic was the mass charge. Loose government. Did have war assembly. Good government meant they were good at war. War chiefs, but lead by committees. Basis of society was family which formed clans, dictating place in society.

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34
Q

Danube Frontier

A

Established by August to keep barbarians out of Balkans so they went to Germany and Holland

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35
Q

terra sigillata

A

luxury good found in Barbarian assemblages= barbarians like Roman consumerism

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36
Q

Tacitus’s “Germanic”

A

98 AD
Germans and Romans traded (Germans trade cows and slaves for Roman goods), stated electing one or two leaders in time of war (comitatus), war band consolidated, increased warfare between Germans.

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37
Q

Basic unit of Roman economy

A

A city and its hinterlands, agriculture. Food united the unit- land transport expensive. City center of government.

38
Q

Ancient manufacture

A

Ephemeral (mud, wood, fibers)

39
Q

Main source of power

A

man power, had oxen (slow) and horse

40
Q

transportation

A

primarily foot. Ships too, but kept shore in signt and docked for the night

41
Q

Ancient diet

A

wheat, barely, spealt and wine

42
Q

Coastal planes

A

Ancient world limited to these spaces. Dotted with cities.

43
Q

Rome

A

about 1 mil people, 10x bigger than competator, had to use entirely of Med world to feed its people

44
Q

Trade

A

primarily local, increased under Romans once they eliminated piracy, had no limitations on trade and Augustus started trade with India. Mast trade limited to city and its hinterlands.

45
Q

Merchants

A

supplied luxury goods

tried to shed trade as soon as possible to move up socially

46
Q

Romanization

A

Spread of Roman culture to provinces, limited to west (divided into coast and interior). Occurred within elites. Disarmed new provinces, built roads, formed basis of new economies (province economy to support roman camps). two intersection streets with a form.

47
Q

Gladiators

A

Not sure where it came from (funeral games or campiania). put on by aristocracy to curry favor with the populus. Slaves or free people who enroled in gladiator schools. Had to take special oath. First slaughter of exotic animals then gladiators in the afternoon.

48
Q

Reigns of Hadrian and Pius

A

Peaceful on the frontier. beneficial ideology in action. Added equestrians to proconsul posts

49
Q

Marcus Aurilius

A 
161-180
Adopted by Pius
sent adopted brother Lucius Varius to Parthains in East
166 Danube frontier collapsed 
dies on frontier
50
Q

Audius Cecsius

A

invades Parthia in 164, annexes and defeats them in Northern Mesopotamia in 166
Soldiers brought back plague

51
Q

Danubian Frontier collapse

A

166
Lack of soldiers? empty villages? people displaced by goths? Marcomanni Quadi and Sarmatians come over the Danube.
170 Germans penetrate Greece

52
Q

Commodus

A 
176-192
Aurelius's son
trained as gladiator and animal killer
not good government 
192 Preatorian Perfect Laetus assassinates him
53
Q

Pertinax

A

Emperor after Commodus
reformer
Killed by Praetorian Guard

54
Q

Didius Jullius

A

Emperor after Perinax. Buys title

55
Q

Civil War of 193

A

193-197
Septimus Severius marched on Rhine and claimed to be adopted by Auriuilus.
Fought Gauis Niger in East and killed him in 194 at Antioch.
Fought Albinus 197 at the battle of Lugdunum and won. Executed senators who supported his rivals

56
Q

Septimus Severius

A

193-211
Civil War with Gauis Niger and Albinus.
197 war with Parthia and reannexes N Mesopotamia
Says emperor above he law because he makes the law
Popular politician (judges give equal treatment to poor and rich, increases army, promotions for legionaries, right to marry in service, raise pay and retirement). 211 died in Britain trying to put down revolt and conciliate his sons, Caracalla and Geta.

57
Q

Rome in the 3rd Century

A 
Decline
Severius's army reforms made the army more attractive and a force unto itself, giving it more power 
Frontiers become more dangerous
Plauges
No emperor able to start dynasty after Severus
27 convincing emperors
16 died first
After 268 emperors were Balkan generals
Debased currency
Inflation (worst in frontiers)
Created bureaucracy
Population falls 
Countryside abandoned
58
Q

Caracalla

A

198-217
Killed brother Geta in 212
Granted everyone in empire citizenship
Assisinated in 217 by Preatorian Prefect Macrinus

59
Q

Macrinus

A

217-218

Murdered Caracalla, became emperor, then murdered himself

60
Q

Elagabalus

A 
218-222
Bastard son of Caracalla
From east
hereditary preist of Baal Emesa
15 years old
Preatorian Perfect killed him 222
61
Q

Severus Alexander

A

222-35
Other bastard son
Julia Measa pretty much ran the empire

62
Q

Maziminus Thrax

A

Emperor following Sverus Alexander

born peasant

63
Q

Gordian I, II and III

A

I and II proclaimed emperor in North Africa

III named by senate, but died before successful march on Rome

64
Q

2 unnamed emperors

A

During Gordian debacle

both acknowledged by senate

65
Q

Philip the Arab

A

244-46

followed Gordian

66
Q

Decius

A

249-51

67
Q

Tribonian

A

followed Decius

68
Q

Aemilius Aemilians

A

Ousted and killed Tribonian then killed by his own soldiers

69
Q

Valerian

A

251-3

fought Persians

70
Q

Galienus

A

251-20
Son of Valerian
fractured empire

71
Q

Sassanids

A

New Persian dynasty in 226
Overthrew Parthians, revived Zoroastrianism
Claimed Asia Minor, Jerusalem and Egypt

72
Q

Alamanni

A

Tribes of Sout hEast Germay

73
Q

Barracks Room Emperors

A 
286 
From upper Balkans
fruit of Septimus Severius's democratized army
These emperors could not control army
The government become the dominate
Fought against Barbarians
74
Q

Munera

A

Gifts to towns from upper class. Displaced decurions, forcing the office to become an inherited possition

75
Q

Gladius Gothicus

A

Defeated the goths and drove them from the Balkans in the 260’s

76
Q

Aurelian

A

25
withdrew from Dacia to better protect the Balkans
Ended independent state of the Gauls and Palmyra

77
Q

Probus

A

277
Drove barbarians from Gual and Balkans
restored government unity

78
Q

Diocleation

A 
384-305
Couldn't trust army
run away inflation
barbarian threat
reorganized Roman empire
Ruled from Nicodemia 
Instituted Tetrachy  
makes military service hereditary and draft 
military state
land asses in jugum (what it produced) 
Estimated a budget 
Failed 302 price controls 
Tied peasants to land 
Created state workshops for army and state goods
79
Q

First Tetrarchy

A

Domitian (East) and Maximian (West)
Galerius (East) and Constantus (West)
bureaucratic state divided into 100 provinces and 12 dioceses

80
Q

Battle of the Milvian Bridge

A

312 Constantine vs. Maxentius

Constantine becomes emperor of West

81
Q

Licinius

A

Emperor of East

82
Q

First War with Licinius

A

316

Ends in Peace agreement

83
Q

Second War with Licinius

A

324
Constantine reunited the empire
rebuilds Byzantium as Constantinopal

84
Q

Council of Nicea

A

325

85
Q

Constantine army reforms

A

Divides troops into comentatus and liminiati

masters of foot and horse

86
Q

Constantine moral legislation

A

326
no concubines for married men
women limited in divorce

87
Q

Julian

A 
Constantius' caesar
Emperor 360
Stripped church of privilege 
reopened temples
proposed pagan priesthood
363 campaign against Persia
88
Q

Jovian

A

followed Julian

89
Q

Valentinian

A

Co-emperor with Valens
previously peasants
tried to lighten their burden

90
Q

Battle of Adrianople

A

378

Valens versus the Visigoths

Roman History (1 decks)

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