Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology Test II > test II lect. 1 > Flashcards

test II lect. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Otitis externa

A

inflammation of external auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of otitis externa?

A

otalgia, otorrhea (ear pain, ear discharge)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common precipitating factor in getting otitis externa?

A

moisture

can also be due to trauma, foregin objects, and skin conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two most common bugs that cause otitis externa?

A

Pesudomonas aeruginosa

and staphy auerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the gram stain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Gram Negative

encapsulated bacillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the gram stain of Staph arueus? morphology?

A

Gram Positive, encapsulated,

coagulase positive, B-hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What gives the diagnosis for otitis externa?

A

examination of the ear.

can use a UV light to see pyoverdin pigment (from pseudomonas aeruginosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for otitis externa?

A

topical antibacterial agents (if local)
oral antibiotics if febrile
analgesics PRN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the fluorescent, and what is the non fluorescent pigment from pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Pyocyanin- NONfluorescent

Pyoverdin (glows green)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is otitis media?

A

this is inflammation of the middle ear- including the tympanic membrane- often associated with fluid build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who usually gets otitis media?

A

children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Strep Penuomiae?

A

Gram Positive, encapsulated.
Diplococcus
Alpha-hemolysis

(otitis media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of H. influenzae?

A

Gram Neative coccobacillus
nontypeable strains

(otitis media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Moraxella catarhalis?

A

gram negative diplococcus
oxidase positive

(causes otiis media)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do you diagnose otitis media?

A

clinical presentation is the most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the DOC for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for long term otitis media?

A

tympanostomy tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

inflammation within the paranasal sinuses- which may or may not be purulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What bugs cause sinusitis?

A

the same that cause otitis media

strep pneumonia, H influenzae, and Moraxell catarrhalis

20
Q

What is the diagnosis of sinusitis made on?

A

clinical presentation and history

21
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Corynebacterium Diptheriae

A

this is gram positive, pleomorphic bacillus

chinese letter” appearance

22
Q

What is the Diptheria toxin like?

A

this is an A-B toxin

23
Q

What does the diptheria toxin affect?

A

This inactivates EF-2, resulting in inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis

24
Q

How do you get infected with Corynebacterium Diptheriae?

A

Respiratory droplets or direct contact.

25
Q

What does diptheria toxin do in the respiratory tract?

A

this toxin is absorbed into mucous membranes, and kills them- causing destruction of the epithelium.
This superficial inflammatory response creates a pseudomembrane- that is gray.

26
Q

What is an external sign of serious respiratory diptheria infection?

A

A very edematious Bull Neck””

27
Q

Where is diptheria found most often? and how is it transmitted?

A

Usually in poor urban areas, transmitted person to person

28
Q

How is the diagnosis of diptheria usually made?

A

by clinical examination

Also- bacterial isolation- of club shaped” metachromatic granules”

29
Q

What culture is done to test for diptheria?

A

Culture on blood agar
Cysteine-tellurite agar
and Loefflers medium

30
Q

What lab test are done to identify Diptheria?

A

Elek immunodiffusion test
PCR (tox gene)
ELISA (diphteria exotoxin)
Immunochromatographic strip assay

31
Q

What is the 3 step treatment plan for strongly suggestive diphtheria?

A

1) antitoxin
2) DOC erythromycin/penicillin
3) vaccinate against further disease once recovered!

32
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Bordetella pertussis?

A

Gram Negative- coccobacillus

33
Q

What are the 6 types of virulence factors that Pertussis has?

A 
Adhesins
Exotoxins
Pertussis Toxin
Adenylate cyclase toxin
tracheal cytotoxin
dermonectoric toxin
34
Q

What are the two main pertussis adhesins? what do they do?

A 
Pertactin (P69)
Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA)

These contain RGD sequences that mediate attachment to integrins

35
Q

What does pertussis toxin do?

A

this is an A-B exotoxin, which increases respiratory secretions (via increased cAMP)
AND lymphocytosis

36
Q

What does adenylate cyclase toxin do?

A

this increase cAMP levels and function to reduce phagocytic activity

37
Q

What does tracheal cytotoxin do?

A

causes ciliostasis, and stimulates IL-1 secretion (makes ya feel crappy)

38
Q

What does dermonecrotic toxin do?

A

this is cause localized tissue destruction and vasoconstriction in critters

39
Q

Where does pertussis attach initially?

A

in the ciliated respiratory epithelial cells, via adhesins and pertussis toxin

40
Q

After attachment, how does pertussis affect the cells it binds?

A

this inhibits intraceullar killing mechanisms, and replicates intracellularly

41
Q

how exactly does pertussis toxin affect WBCs?

A

this inhibits their extravasation- called lymphocytic leukocytosis

42
Q

What is the Catarhhal stage of pertussis infection?

A

presents as a non-specific URT infection with insidious onset

not ill, but highly contagious

43
Q

What is the Paroxsmal stage of pertussis infection?

A

Paroxsmal coughing (Whooping cough)- followed by vomiting. can have up to 50 attacks a day

Epitherial cells are extruded, impeding mucus clearing

44
Q

What are the complications of pertussis?

A

all due to vomiting/ increased pressure from paroxsysms.

dehydration, weight loss, insomnia, petechiae, hernia, rectal prolapse, rib facture.

45
Q

what happens in the convalescent stage of pertussis?

A

paroxysms decrease in number and severity

46
Q

What is the diagnosis of pertussis?

A

culture on enriched medium, or PCR

47
Q

What is the DOC for pertussis?

A

Macrolides (mycins)

Immunization is also good

Microbiology Test II (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions