Test II: Discolorations

Question 1

A discoloration which appears on the human body during LIFE

Answer 1

Antemortem discolorations

Question 2

A discoloration which makes its appearance on the human body only after the DEATH of the body

Answer 2

Postmortem discolorations

Question 3

Discolorations resulting from changes in blood composition, content, or location

Answer 3

Blood discoloration

Question 4

Discolorations that are easily removed by vascular and injection drainage

Answer 4

Intravascular blood discolorations

Question 5

Stains that are not substantially reducable

Answer 5

Extravascular stains

Question 6

• Occurs during the agonal period which results in a bluish purple blood discoloration most noticeable in the elderly
• Antemortem and Postmortem
• Leads to livor mortis

Answer 6

Hypostasis

Question 7

Livor mortis leads to…

Answer 7

Hemolysis

Question 8

• A cherry red blood discoloration on the body surface
• Blood loses its ability to coagulate
• If not embalmed soon after death, hypostasis will turn to hemolysis and cause staining

Answer 8

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 9

• Active and passive

- Occurs during the agonal period just prior to death

Answer 9

Capillary congestion

Question 10

Occurs when the ARTERIAL supply to an area of the body is INCREASED

Answer 10

Active capillary congestion

Question 11

Occurs when VENOUS drainage from an area is DECREASED

Answer 11

Passive capillary congestion

Question 12

• The most common postmortem intravascular blood discoloration
• A reddish blue discoloration resulting from postmortem hypostasis

Answer 12

Livor mortis/postmortem lividity/cadaveric lividity

Question 13

1. Purpura
2. Ecchymosis
3. Petechia
4. Hematoma

Answer 13

Antemortem extravascular blood stains

Question 14

• Bruise from trauma

- Extravasation of blood under the surface tissue

Answer 14

Ecchymosis/suggillation

Question 15

Pinpoint bleeding

Answer 15

Petechia/hemorrhagic effusion

Question 16

• A blood filled swelling
• A collection of blood in a tumor like mass
• Blood blister

Answer 16

Hematoma

Question 17

-If the postmortem interval is long enough and the blood remains liquid, especially aided by refrigeration, the body will go from livor mortis to postmortem stain at a faster rate

Answer 17

Postmortem stain/laking

hemoglobin decomposition

Question 18

-Flush the vascular system of the discolored or discoloring blood by varying the type, strength and quantity of the injected chemical

Answer 18

General treatment of intravascular blood discoloration

Question 19

• Type and strength should be such that the blood will not be further modified to set the discoloration
• This is carried out by…

Answer 19

Anticoagulants and water conditioners

Question 20

• Quantity should be such as would fill and flush all parts of the vascular system but would not cause rupturing of the vascular system to convert the intravascular discoloration to an extravascular type
• This is accomplished by…

Answer 20

Slow flow and slow pressure

Question 21

-To assist in increasing the flow of injection chemicals to the region of the discoloration and to assist the flow of venous blood and drainage from the part, these mechanical aids may be used

Answer 21

• Alternately raise and lower the part
• Manual massage with proper skin lubrication
• Always massage towards the heart (exception: fingertips)

Question 22

Sectional arterial injection and venous drainage may be used in a body part if the discoloration is….

Answer 22

Localized

Question 23

• This may be used to ensure vascular filling of injection chemicals
• The resulting distention of the vessels may aid in the removal of blood

Answer 23

Increased pressure and limited drainage

Question 24

Extravascular stains (antemortem and postmortem) require this to be removed

Answer 24

-Special treatment

Question 25

Incise directly or puncture and channel these areas to induce the direct outflow of the extravasated blood and accumulated serums

Answer 25

Swollen discolored areas

Question 26

Sectional or local hypodermic injections of chemicals designed to.... may be necessary to clear extravascular stains

Answer 26

Bleach and preserve the discolored areas

Question 27

The extravascular stain may be lessened in its intensity by applying....

Answer 27

- Surface compresses saturated with a proper bleaching agent | - Colodian base chemicals (aka carbolic acid/phenol)

Question 28

Antemortem discolorations resulting from the administration of pharmaceuticals or chemotherapeutic agens

Answer 28

Discolorations caused by pharmaceutical agents

Question 29

Pharmaceutical agent that causes burns that will red discolorations

Answer 29

Radium

Question 30

- Pharmaceutical agent that causes a distinct blue discoloration which will be converted into a green discoloration if the formaldehyde solution used to embalm the body is too strong - Will show in the sclera of the eye if present in the vascular system

Answer 30

Methylene blue

Question 31

Pharmaceutical agent that causes a brown discoloration

Answer 31

Atabrine

Question 32

Pharmaceutical agent that causes a yellow discoloration (NOT jaundice)

Answer 32

Sulfa

Question 33

- Drugs that affect or damage the liver will result in this because of their toxicity - Usually occurs just prior to death

Answer 33

Jaundice

Question 34

Antemortem discolorations which occur during the course of certain diseases

Answer 34

Pathological discoloration