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Cancer Biology > Test II > Flashcards

Test II Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells of the innate immune system and their functions

A

Neutrophil (phagocytosis), Macrophage (produce cytokines, phag, Ag present, in tissues), Dendritic cells (produce cytokines, phag, Ag present, in ECM), NK cells (produce cytokines, cytotoxic lymphocyte, lysis of viral infected cells, respond to tumor Ags)

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2
Q

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)

A

innate immune cells cannot reach foreign antigens

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3
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Deficiency (CGD)

A

innate immune cells cannot kill foreign antigen

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4
Q

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)s

A

Toll-like receptors (TLRs, on cell surfaces or in endosomes), NOD-like receptors (NLRs, intracellular/in cytoplasm), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs, funal antigens), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs, cytoplasmic RNA helicases for anti-viral response), Mannose receptors (recognize bacteria and macrophages or dendritic cells with phagocytize)

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5
Q

Antibody in primary response, pentamer (10 binding sites), efficient, 5-10% of serum Ig - complement activation, agglutination, neutralization

A

IgM

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6
Q

Most abundant (80% of serum Ig), cross placenta - complement activation, agglutination, neutralization, opsonization

A

IgG

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7
Q

newborn immunity, predominant Ig class in external secretions (saliva, tears, breast milk, mucus-bronchial/GI/respiratory), 10-15% of serum Ig, monomer in serum, dimer in secretions - agglutination and neutralization

A

IgA

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8
Q

antibodies on mast cell surface - triggers release of histamines from basophils and mast cells - parasites and worm infections, allergic responses, mast cell sensitization

A

IgE

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9
Q

Ig involved in B cell maturation, found on B cells (along with IgM predominantly)

A

IgD

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10
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

opportunistic pathogen, life threatening for patients w/ CF - gram negative, rod shaped bacterium

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11
Q

C Diff

A

(clostridium difficile) - fills void from antibiotics, causes infection

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12
Q

Norwalk virus

A

fecal to oral transmission, problem with cruise ships, nursing homes, rehab centers (self-contained water systems)

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13
Q

bacteria in blood with clear rim around colonies

A

beta-hemolytic / Lancefield serum A

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14
Q

Group A Strepococci

A

G+ beta-hemolytic, produce M proteins & C5A peptidase - ex: Streptococcus pyogenes

can cause: pharyngitis, pneumonia, impetigo, cellulitis, otitis media, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, toxic shock syndrome, meningitis

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15
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A

G+ rod, in GI and GU tracts, grows along tissue planes and can look like a mass

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16
Q

Bacteroides

A

G- pleo rod, anaerobe, non-spore, inhabit bowel and other GI sites

ruptured appendix –> peritonitis, inflammation (25% mortality); intra-abdominal and pelvic abscesses are 90% anaerobic peritoneal infections

17
Q

Peptostreptococcus

A

G+, anaerobe, found in GI and respiratory tracts

can cause: abscesses, intra-abdominal sepsis, pleuropulmonary, pelvic and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, Polymicrobial infections (e.g., aerobic staphylococcus uses O2 so anaerobic peptostreptococcus survives too),

from human bites (normal flora)

18
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

G+ rod, spore-forming, anaerobe, ubiquitous in nature and normal flora 2-5% of people (transient in others)

can overgrow after antibiotics (resistant) –> diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon

spores = resistant to heat, dehydration, radiation, chemicals

Enterotoxin TcdA –> interferes w/ GTPases / actin organization, increased permeability of tight junctions

Cytotoxin TcdB –> increased vascular permeability / hemorrhage

19
Q

blocks binding of complements to peptidoglycan layer, released by GASs, many serotypes (hard to get Abs for all of them)

A

M protein

20
Q

C5A peptidase

A

blocks chemotactic signals of C5A peptide

21
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

G+, coagulase (clots plasma - less phagocytosis), hyaluronidase (break down hyaluronic acid - more spreading), exotoxin (exfoliatin - causes skin peeling/exfoliation), leukocidin, hemolysin, protein A (binds Fc of IgG, rendering them useless)

can cause: bacteremia, skin infections, endocarditis; ultimately: SSSS (staph. scalded skin syndrome), TSST-1 (type of toxic shock syndrome), food poisoning (due to superantigen enterotxins)

normal or pathogenic flora

22
Q

Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

found normally in throats of 10% of people, pathogenic if displaced in their bodies or transferred to others

23
Q

Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

found normally in throats of 10% of people, pathogenic if displaced in their bodies or transferred to others

24
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

G+

25
Q

Mycobacterium

A

AFB (acid-fast bacteria)

26
Q

E. coli

A

G- rods

Cancer Biology (2 decks)

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