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Physiology III > Test II > Flashcards

Test II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of systemic circulation?

A

To deliver adequate oxygen and nutrients to the systemic tissues and remove carbon dioxide & other waste products from the systemic tissues

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2
Q

What conduit does the system circulation serve as?

A

For transport of hormones, and other substances and allows these substances to potentially act at a distant site from their production

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3
Q

What are the functional parts of circulation?

A

Systemic arteries, Arterioles & Pre-capillary sphincters, Capillaries, Venules & Systemic Veins

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4
Q

What is the function of system arteries in circulation?

A

Designed to carry blood under high pressure out to the tissue beds

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5
Q

What is the function of arterioles & pre-capillary sphincters?

A

Act as control valves to regulate flow

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6
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Exchange between tissue (cells) & blood

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7
Q

What is the function of venules?

A

Collect blood from capillaries

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8
Q

What is the function of systemic veins?

A

Return blood to heart/dynamic storage.

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9
Q

What are the 3 basic theories of circulatory function?

A

1) Blood flow is proportional to metabolic demand 2) Cardiac output is controlled by local tissue flow 3) Arterial pressure control is independent of local flow or cardiac output

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10
Q

What is the definition of flow (F)?

A

The volume of blood that passes a certain point per unit of time

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11
Q

In the formula F = ΔP/R, flow is directly proportional to _____ and inversely proportional to _____?

A

ΔP [Pressure gradient (P1 - P2)]; R (resistance)

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12
Q

The formula F = ΔP/R is known as?

A

Ohm’s Law

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13
Q

What is the driving force of blood?

A

Pressure Gradient

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14
Q

What is proportional to flow (F)?

A

Pressure Gradient

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15
Q

The difference in pressure between two points (P1-P2) is know as?

A

Pressure Gradient

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16
Q

At any give F, the greater the drop in P in a segment or compartment, the greater the __________ to flow.

A

Resistance

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17
Q

Where does the greatest resistance to flow occur?

A

The pre-capillary resistance vessels (arterioles, metarterioles, precapillary sphinters)

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18
Q

Systemic circulation is predominately what type of circuit?

A

Parallel

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19
Q

What are the advantages of parallel circuitry?

A

1) independence of local flow 2) minimizes total peripheral resistance (TPR) 3) Oxygen rich blood supply to every tissue

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20
Q

The total vascular resistance (TVR) is equal to the sum of the total _________ resistance plus the total _________ resistance.

A

Pulmonic; peripheral

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21
Q

Internal friction of a fluid associated with the intermolecular attraction is know as?

A

Viscosity

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22
Q

Blood is a suspension with a viscosity of ______, with most of viscosity due to RBC’s

A

3

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23
Q

Plasma has a viscosity of ___?

A

1.5

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24
Q

Water is the standard with a viscosity of ____ ?

A

1

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25
Q

What increases the flexibility of RBC’s?

A

Fibrinogen

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26
Q

When velocity decreases whay increases?

A

Viscosity

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27
Q

Why does viscosity increase when velocity decreases?

A

Elements in the blood sticking together

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28
Q

Cells momentarily getting stuck at constriction points can increase __________ _____________?

A

Apparent viscosity

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29
Q

What can decrease viscosity?

A

Small vessel cells lining up

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30
Q

What are the components of vessels

A

Endothelium, elastic tissue, smooth muscle, fibrous tissue

31
Q

What is the relative composition of the aorta

A

Elastic tissue>Fibrous Tissue>Smooth muscle

32
Q

What is the relative composition of a typical artery?

A

Smooth muscle>Elastic tissue >Fibrous Tissue

33
Q

What is the relative composition of veins?

A

Elastic Tissue = Smooth muscle = Fibrous tissue

34
Q

What is the relative composition of capillaries?

A

Endothelium only

35
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

The volume percentage of red blood cells in the blood. AKA packed cell volume

36
Q

What is the normal range of hematocrit?

A

38%-45%

37
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow streamlined?

A

Laminar

38
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow normal?

A

Laminar

39
Q

Does Laminar or Turbulent Flow have vibrational noise?

A

Turbulent

40
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow have a narrow band?

A

Laminar

41
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow least efficient?

A

Turbulent

42
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow frequently associated with vessel disease (bruit)?

A

Turbulent

43
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow have a broad band?

A

Turbulent

44
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow silent?

A

Laminar

45
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow most efficient?

A

Laminar

46
Q

Is Laminar or Turbulent Flow cross mixing?

A

Turbulent

47
Q

What can give the probability statement for turbulent flow?

A

Reynold’s Number

48
Q

R# = vDρη or Re = vdρ/η is known as:

A

Reynold’s Number

49
Q

In Reynold’s number, the greater the R#, the greater the _________

A

Probability for turbulence

50
Q

In Reynold’s number v =?

A

Velocity

51
Q

In Reynold’s number d =?

A

Tube diameter

52
Q

In Reynold’s number ρ =?

A

Density

53
Q

In Reynold’s number η =?

A

Viscosity

54
Q

In Reynold’s number, if R#

A

Laminar

55
Q

In Reynold’s number, if R#

A

Turbulent

56
Q

What type of flow-meter uses ultrasound to determine velocity of flow?

A

Doppler Ultrasonic Flow-meter

57
Q

What is the Doppler frequency shift?

A

As RBC’s move toward the transmitter, sound waves are compressed increasing the frequency of the returning waves

58
Q

What two methods are used to determine cardiac output?

A

Fick principal and indicator dilution

59
Q

What methods are used to determine vessel flow?

A

Venous occlusion plesthymography, Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter and Vascular flow cuffs

60
Q

PBF (pulmonary blood flow) = O2 uptake/AV (arteriovenous O2) difference is the formula for?

A

Fick Principal

61
Q

Which method for measuring cardiac output is the gold standard and used more often clinically?

A

Indicator dilution

62
Q

What method for measuring cardiac output is based on conservation of mass?

A

Indicator dilution

63
Q

In the indicator dilution method for measuring cardiac output, cardiac output is approximately equal to what?

A

the average duration of the curve (dye concentration)

64
Q

What is distensibility?

A

the ability of a vessel to stretch (distend)

65
Q

In the vascular system, are all blood vessels distensible?

A

Yes

66
Q

Which vessels are the most distensible?

A

Veins

67
Q

What is compliance?

A

The ability of a vessel to stretch and hold volume?

68
Q

Which vessels are the most complient?

A

Veins

69
Q

Is compliance equal to distensibility?

A

No

70
Q

Is compliance proportional to distensibility?

A

Yes

71
Q

What will the following formula give you?

Δ Vol/ΔPressure x Initial Vol

A

Distensibility

Vascular Distensibility = Increase involume/Increase in pressure x Original volume

72
Q

What will the following formula give you?

Δ Vol/Δ Pressure

A

Compliance

Vascular Compliance = Increase in volume/Increase in pressure

73
Q

What will the following formula give you?

Distensibility x Initial Volume

A

Compliance

Compliance is equal to distensibility times volume

Physiology III (1 decks)

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