Test II

Question 1

Ordinary Mass

Answer 1

Sung everyday, same text but different music

kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus and agnus dei

Question 2

Proper Mass

Answer 2

Sung on special days, different text and music

introit, gradual, allelujia, offertorio, communion

Question 3

Office

Answer 3

Series of prayers that monks would use to organize their days. Many chants were used in these daily rituals

ex. Vespers for Christmas Day

Question 4

Tenor Mass

Answer 4

Mass cycle where the cantus firmus is presented in the tenor voice only

ex. Dufay’s “Missa Se la Face ay Pale”

Question 5

Paraphrase Mass

Answer 5

Mass cycle where the cantus firmus is spread amongst all the voices

ex. Josquin’s “Missa Pange Lingua”

Question 6

Imitative Point

Answer 6

When a phrase or motto is repeated in all voices within the texture

ex. Josquin’s “Ave maria… virgo serena”

Question 7

Parody Mass

Answer 7

Polyphonic mass in which each movement is based on a polyphonic model from a chanson or motet

ex. Victoria’s “Missa O Magnum Mysterium”

Question 8

Form Fixe

Answer 8

Musical repetition, usually featuring a refrain. Popular in France in the 14th and 15th centuries

ex. Machaut’s “Rose Liz”

Question 9

Cantus Firmus

Answer 9

Pre existing melody (mostly found in tenor) used as the basis for a polyphonic setting of the mass cycle

Question 10

Temporale

Answer 10

Days celebrating events within Christ’s life such as Easter, Christmas and Trinity

Question 11

Sanctorale

Answer 11

Fixed days honoring special occasions or specific people (saints)

Question 12

Gloss

Answer 12

Adding new information (such as a text or additional melody) onto a pre-existing text or composition

Question 13

Trope

Answer 13

A type of gloss specific to music. A trope may occur in three ways: by adding new text to a preexisting chant, new music to a pre-existing chant, or by adding both music and text

Question 14

Recitation Tone

Answer 14

A single tone used for presenting long sequences of text

ex. “Tecum Principum/Dixit Dominus” from the Vespers for Christmas Day

Question 15

Liber Usualis

Answer 15

Book of chant used in the Catholic Church until 1963. Includes within it the hymn “Ave, maris stella” and the Mass for Christmas Day.

Question 16

Chapel

Answer 16

Entourage, group of people (like a staff) surrounding any important Medieval, or Renaissance personage (royal court)

ex. King John of Bohemia who had Machaut in his chapel

Question 17

Organum

Answer 17

Early polyphony based on plainsong. Two kinds:

1. Parallel Organum
2. Organum Purum

Question 18

Motet

Answer 18

A short piece of sacred music, typically polyphonic

Question 19

Isorythm

Answer 19

A type of compositional technique common in the 14th [and 15th] century, where the composer took the chant basis of the tenor from a mass movement or a motet and set it into a series of repeated pitch patterns (known as the color) and rhythmic patterns (known as the talea)

ex. “Kyrie” from Machaut’s “Messe de Nostre Dame”

Question 20

Talea

Answer 20

Repeated sequence of rhythms (rhythmic units) presented in the tenor of an isorhythmic composition

ex. “Kyrie” from Machaut’s “Messe de Nostre Dame”

Question 21

Color

Answer 21

A repeated sequence of pitches presented in the tenor of an isorhythmic composition

Question 22

Virtuosity

Answer 22

The ability to perform rapid passagework, to render hard passages with great facility

ex. Broschi’s aria from Idaspe, “Quel guerriero,” which was originally sung by Farinelli

Question 23

Odhecaton A

Answer 23

first fully printed book of music, published by Pettrucci in 1501. This book includes secular vocal and instrumental music by Josquin, such as “Adieu, mes amours” and by many other composers as well.

Question 24

17th Century Composer

Answer 24

Monteverdi

Question 25

16th Century Composer

Answer 25

Palestrina / Josquin

Question 26

15th Century Composer

Answer 26

Dufay / Binchois

Question 27

14th Century Composer

Answer 27

Machaut / de Vitry

Question 28

12th / 13th Century Composer

Answer 28

Leonin / Perotin

Question 29

Elements of Sacred Music

Answer 29

Consonance, latin text, clear text

Question 30

Elements of Secular Music

Answer 30

Dissonance, non-latin texts

Question 31

Prima Practica

Answer 31

“First practice,” the music style [Monteverdi] defined as old fashioned, where the harmony was more important than the words, and rules must be followed

ex. Josquin’s masses and motets, as well as the Pope Marcellus Mass by Palestrina

Question 32

Segunda Practica

Answer 32

“Second practice,” the music style [Monteverdi] defined as new, where the words were more important than the harmony, and could cause the composer to break rules when necessary

ex. Monteverdi “Cruda Amarilli.”

Question 33

Free Mass

Answer 33

Mass NOT based on any pre existing material

ex. Pope Marcellus Mass

Question 34

Rondeau

Answer 34

ABa Aab AB, french form fixe

ex. “Rose, liz, printemps”

Question 35

Virelai

Answer 35

(A)bba

Question 36

Parallel Organum

Answer 36

Polyphony sung in parallel intervals

Question 37

Organum Purum

Answer 37

Polyphony improvised over an elongated chant