Test I Flashcards
The _______ key of the _______ becomes the _______ key of the many
Primary key; one; foreign key
What are the five management principles
Mobilize
Translate
Align
Motivate
Govern
In terms of management, what is vision
Where an organization is desired to be in the future (typically five years)
What are strategic objectives
Strategic objectives are the ways/processes that a company will use to achieve its vision
What are key performance indicators
KPIs are key measures that are used to quantify a company’s progress towards its vision
What are two key types of metrics
Lagging indicators
Leading indicators
What kind of indicators/results are based on past actions that are usually too late to adjust to
Lagging indicators
What kind of indicators/results are based on current results and can influence future actions
Leading indicators
If you measure _________, you measure _________
Everything; nothing
Evaluation strategies
Single loop learning: ________ good and ________ bad
Double loop learning: _________ good and _______ bad
Strategy good and execution bad; execution good strategy bad
What are the five main perspectives of the balanced scorecard
Mission
Fiduciary
Customer
Internal Perspectives
Learning and growth
Of the five main perspectives, which one is a leading indicator
Learning and growth
What is realized strategy
A blend of proactive initiatives and reactive responses in an organization’s typical strategy
What does deliberate strategy revolve around
Proactive elements
Planned initiatives
‘Happy path’
What does emergent strategy revolve around
Reactive elements
Responses to unanticipated developments
Developed on the fly
What is a business process
A collection of linked tasks that once completed will accomplish an organizational goal
What does DCOVA stand for
Define
Collect
Organize
Visualize
Analyze
What does D in DCOVA stand for
Define what you need to measure
What does C in DCOVA stand for
Collect: Locate the data
What does O in DCOVA stand for
Organize: Extract data and create databases for it
What does V in DCOVA stand for
Visualize: Create reports
What does A in DCOVA stand for
Analyze: Answer questions
What is an entity
A person, place, or thing an individual wants to collect data about
What is a variable
A characteristic of an entity
If a variable is unknown, it’s value is stored as ________
NULL
What are two major types of variables
Categorical variables
Numerical variables
___________ variables are qualitative
Numerical variables are __________
Categorical variables; quantitative
What are two types of quantitative variables
Discrete
Continuous
What is a domain
A set of values from which one or more fields draw their actual values
Eg. Car type
-Sedan
-SUV
-Compact
What do domain integrity constraints require
Values must be part of the domain
What is cardinality
The number of unique values in a domain
What is are examples of low cardinality and high cardinality
Low cardinality: car engine type
-Petrol
-Electric
-Hydrogen
-Solar
High cardinality: car brands
-BMW
-Mercedes
-Audi
-Porsche
-Toyota
-Nissan
-Honda
-Ferrari
-Citroen
-Dodge
-Mazda
-Chevy
-Mitsubishi
…
What is a record
A set of field values that represent instances of an entity
Eg. rows in excel or real databases
What are keys
Unique identifiers of an instance of an entity
What are three types of keys
Primary Key
Foreign Key
Surrogate Key
How is a foreign key created
A primary key from one table is added to another table to form a relationship between the two tables
What is a surrogate key
A system-generated key
What is a table
A two-dimensional structure of rows and columns
(Yes or False) In a heap, the order of rows is important
False, the order of rows in a heap is not important
(True or false) Order of columns in a table is important
False, order of columns in a table is not important
What is a resolution to ‘many-to-many’ entity relationships
Intersection tables
