Test : History Implicit learning , personality theories , stress and health Flashcards
Learning , personality theories, stress and health
Observational Learning
Is a form of learning that occurs by watching, imitating, and understanding the behavior of others.
Observational learning acknowledges the cognitive processes
attention, memory, and motivation.
Characteristics of Observational learning
Modeling,Imitation,Reinforcement & Punishment,Role in Human Development
Modeling
In observational learning, individuals serve as models for others to observe. A model is someone who demonstrates a particular behavior, and the learner (observer) watches and tries to replicate that behavior.
Imitation
Observational learning involves imitating the actions or behaviors of the model. This imitation can occur in various domains, including motor skills, language, problem-solving, and social behaviors.
Role in Human Development
Observational learning plays a significant role in human development, particularly in childhood.
Reinforcement & Punishment
Observers can learn from the consequences experienced by the model. If a model’s behavior is followed by positive outcomes (reinforcement), the observer is more likely to imitate that behavior. Conversely, if the model experiences negative outcomes (punishment), the observer is less likely to imitate the behavior.
Mirror neurons
are specialized cells in the brain that play a significant role in observational learning and the understanding of others’ actions and emotions.
Implicit learning
refers to the process of acquiring knowledge or skills without conscious awareness or intention.
Characteristics of implicit learning
Unconscious Acquisition,Lack of Verbalization,Procedural Knowledge,Pattern Recognition,Influenced by Exposure
Unconscious Acquisition:
Implicit learning takes place without conscious awareness.
Lack of Verbalization
People who have undergone implicit learning may find it challenging to explain or describe what they have learned.
Procedural Knowledge
Implicit learning is often associated with procedural knowledge, which involves learning how to perform tasks, skills, or behaviors.
Pattern Recognition
Implicit learning frequently involves recognizing and responding to patterns, such as regularities or relationships in the environment.
Influenced by Exposure
Implicit learning benefits from repeated exposure to information or experiences.
Classical conditioning
is a type of learning where an individual associates a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to evoke a conditioned response.
Operant conditioning
is a form of learning where behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it.
Observational learning
also known as social learning or modeling, involves learning by watching and imitating others
Implicit learning
is the acquisition of knowledge or skills without conscious awareness or intention.
Personality
A person’s unique and relatively stable behavior patterns; the consistency of who you are, have been, and will become.
Character:
Personal characteristics that have been judged or evaluated.
Temperament
Hereditary aspects of personality, including sensitivity, moods, irritability, and adaptability.
Personality Trait
: Stable qualities that a person shows in most situations.
Personality Type
People who have several traits in common.