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Science 7 > test geologic time, met rocks > Flashcards

test geologic time, met rocks Flashcards

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0
Q

Daughter product

A

The product of radioactive decay of a parent isotope

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1
Q

Absolute age

A

The actual age of a material in years

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2
Q

Parent isotope

A

An unstable isotope that will undergo radioactive decay

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3
Q

Half life

A

The amount of time required for half of the unstable parent substance to decay to the daughter product

HOW YOU FIND AGE OF ROCK

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4
Q

Radiometric dating

A

ratio between daughter and parent to find absolute age of rock

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5
Q

Radioactivity

A

Emission of high energy particles by unstable isotopes

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6
Q

geologic time scale

A

divides history of earth into time intervals

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7
Q

divisions of time

A

eon–> era—> period–> epoch–> year

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8
Q

age of earth

A

4.6 by

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9
Q

human existence vs. earth’s

A

humans= so small compared to earth’s like a sliver

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10
Q

uniformitarianism

A

present is key to the past

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11
Q

principle of original horizontality

A

sedimentary strata always form in horizontal layers

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12
Q

principle of original superposition

A

oldest layer of rock is on the bottom

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13
Q

law of cross cutting relationships

A

rock unit that crosses over another unit is always younger

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14
Q

principle of inclusions

A

inclusions are always older than the rock they are inside of

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15
Q

intrusions- young or old

A

always younger than rock they cut into

LOOK FOR FINGERS WHEN FINDING INTRUSIONS

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16
Q

disconformity

A

sed layers that have been eroded away, then covered by other depositing layers

17
Q

nonconformity

A

erosional surface w igneous/metamorphic rock below, sed rock above

stratified rock rests on un stratified (igneous) rock

18
Q

angular unconformity

A

angled or folded sed rocks are located below the erosional surface and horizontal layers of sed rocks are above

sed layers that have been tilted by force of tectonic plates then eroded

19
Q

foliation

A

rock its layered, almost has skins peeling off, sheet like

when pressure squeezes flat minerals so they become aligned

20
Q

protolith

A

first rock

21
Q

regional metamorphism

A

large scale folding by compression at subduction zones

produces foliated rocks

22
Q

contact metamorphism

A

when magma comes into contact with an already existing body of rock- usually sed
produces non foliated rocks

23
Q

foliated rock

A

heat and pressure
subduction zones
regional metamorphism

24
Q

non-foliated rock

A

heat
igneous intrusion
contact metamorphism

25
Q

baked zone

A

in contact metamorphism, when igneous intrusion happens- rock that is affected

26
Q

dike

A

vertical intrusion

27
Q

sill

A

horizontal intrusion

28
Q

metamorphic rock

A

come from other existing rocks

when heat/pressure changes the mineral content changes (while solid) into minerals that are stable at different temperatures and different pressures

IF IT MELTS ITS NOT METAMORPHIC

29
Q

igneous rock

A

come from cooled magma

30
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

come from layered sediments

31
Q

sediments

A

broken rock fragments, can vary in size, shape, density

32
Q

magma

A

hot liquid that comes from within the earth’s crust

forms igneous rock

33
Q

heat/pressure

A

subduction zones
hot
pressure from crashing plates

34
Q

deposition

A

settling of sediments in water, layering

35
Q

compaction

A

flattening of layers due to overlying sediments

36
Q

cementation

A

gluing together of the sediments w calcite and silica

37
Q

weathering

A

breaking down existing rocks into sediments

38
Q

erosion

A

transportation of sediments by four forces

39
Q

WHEN SEQUENCING ROCKS

A

start at oldest unit at the bottom

40
Q

folds in rock (ripple things) are a

A

sign of metamorphism

41
Q

magma chamber

A

large mass of magma that has solidified- may cause surrounding rocks to melt/metamorphose

Science 7 (3 decks)

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