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Test for thursday Flashcards

1
Q

THE BODY

Separates the interior of the cell from outside environment

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

ORGANELLES

It is the protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

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3
Q

THE BODY

Thin gel-like semitransparent fluid that is bounded by the plasma membrane and contains many organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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4
Q

ORGANELLES

Digests macromolecules and cellular respiratory by-products through phagocytosis

A

Lysosome

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5
Q

ORGANELLES

Breaks fatty acids and detoxifies alcohol

A

Peroxisome

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6
Q

ORGANELLES

Site of cellular respiration; Generates ATP

A

Mitochondria

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7
Q

ORGANELLES

It is an organelle after protein synthesis, it modifies stores, and sends proteins to specific destination

A

Golgi Apparatus

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8
Q

ORGANELLES

Is inside the nucleus, produces and assembles ribosomes

A

Nucleulus

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9
Q

ORGANELLES

Synthesis of Lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

ORGANELLES

Synthesis of proteins, repairs damages in plasma membrane

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

ORGANELLES

Contains genetic information and chromatin, DNA and RNA, and nuclear proteins which move freely in aqueous solution

A

Nucleus

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12
Q

ORGANELLES

involved in cell division; has genetic material required for cell to divide

A

Centrosome

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13
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Found in eukaryotes; proteins that DNA winds around to create nucleosomes

A

Histone

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14
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Basic Packaging unit of DNA, also a structural unit. Consists of length of DNA coiled around histones

A

Nucleosome

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15
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Genetic structure that can replicate independently. Typically small circular DNA in cytoplasms of bacterium or protozoans

A

Plasmids

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16
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Is what makes up chromosomes of eukaryotes. Consists of RNA and DNA

A

Chromatin

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17
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Asexual form of reproduction; division of single entity into two or more parts

A

Binary fission

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18
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Component of bacterial cell envelope and protects cell from bursting due to turgor. Forms around the cytoplasmic membrane

A

Peptidoglycan

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19
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Enzyme responsible for maintenance of length of telomeres (Specific DNA proteins structures found at both ends of each chromosomes)

A

Telomerase

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20
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Locomotion of a cell, microscopic hair-like structures

A

Flagella

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21
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Proteinaceous, filamentous, polymeric organelles for mediations of cell-to-cell interactions, motility, and DNA uptake, helps cell attach to each other

A

Pili

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22
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLE

primarily responsible for locomotion, either of the cell itself or fluids on cell surface

A

Cilia

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23
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

to provide structural strength and support, and also provide a semi-permeable surface for molecules to pass in and out of the cell

A

Cell wall

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24
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Site of photosynthesis, converts solar energy to chemical energy

A

Chloroplast

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25
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

responsible for the manufacturing and storing of food

A

Plastids

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26
Q

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES

Storage of waste products

A

Central Vacuole

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27
Q

CELL WALL

Made of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin that has a thin and flexible layer

A

Primary cell wall

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28
Q

CELL WALL

Pectin-rich; resists osmotic pressure

A

Middle Lamella

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29
Q

CELL WALL

Made of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
Strengthens and waterproofs the wall

A

Secondary Cell wall

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30
Q

Consists of the unraveled condensed structure of DNA. regulate DNA replication and gene expression and protect the DNA from damage

A

Chromatin

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31
Q

Consists of the highest condensed structure of the DNA double-helix. Crucial role in the body by ensuring the proper storage and transmission of genetic information

A

Chromosome

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32
Q

Formed from the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria of a cell

A

ATP

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33
Q

Occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly

A

Aerobic respiration

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34
Q

Occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly

A

Anaerobic respiration

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35
Q

Helps your body repair cells and make new ones. It is also important for growth and development

A

Protein

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36
Q

Smallest basic unit of life, structural, functional, biological unit of all living beings

A

Cell

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37
Q

This theory states that organisms are made of 1 or more cells, cell basic structural and functional unit of living organisms, cells arise from pre-existing cells

A

Classical Cell theory

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38
Q

The theory states that a living cell is surrounded by membrane that separates content from the outside, cells have genetic material encoded with its instructions for cell activities

A

Modern Cell theory

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39
Q

TYPE OF SOLUTION

higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside

A

Hypertonic

40
Q

TYPE OF SOLUTION

same concentration of solutes both inside and outside the cell

41
Q

TYPE OF SOLUTION

Higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside

42
Q

SOLUTION TERMS

amount of solute

A

Concentration

43
Q

SOLUTION TERMS

dissolved substance

44
Q

SOLUTION TERMS

mixture of 2 or more substances

45
Q

SOLUTION TERMS

gradual diff in concentration of solutes in a solution between 2 differences

A

Concentration Gradient

46
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

In passive transport, it is the movement of particles from high to low concentration across a semipermeable membrane (without the use of proteins)

A

Simple diffusion

47
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

In passive transport, it is the diffusion requiring channel and carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

48
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

a protein in the cell membrane that helps move substances across the membrane by changing its shape.

A

Carrier proteins

49
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

In passive transport, it is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a lower concentration of water molecules

50
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

does not require any energy

A

Passive transport

51
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

requires energy

A

Active transport

52
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

In active transport, it directly uses chemical energy to transport all types of solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient

A

Primary Transport

53
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

In active transport, it is occurs after the activity of primary transport and it uses an electrochemical gradient

A

Secondary Transport

54
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

Basically every type of tosis, which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle

A

Phagocytosis

55
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell

A

Endocytosis

56
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

cellular process for moving large molecules out of the cell to the cell exterior

A

Exocytosis

57
Q

TRANSPORTATIONS

the ingestion of liquid

A

Pinocytosis

58
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

Present in all living organisms, involved in maintenance and metabolic processes, contain carbon

A

Biomolecules

59
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this biomolecule is the main source of energy

A

Carbohydrates

60
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In carbohydrates, it has a term called simple sugars, which has only one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen to form a carbonyl group

A

Monosaccharides

61
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

has 2 monosaccharides linked together, and its structure has a glucosidic linkage

A

Disaccharides

62
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

composed of very long chains of monosaccharides

A

Polysaccharides

63
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this biomolecule is non polar, it also a long term energy storage and it is a lubricant, protection, and hormone precursors

Ex: Steroids, Glycogen

64
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in lipids, it serves as an energy reserve for your body

65
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

main storage format for a lipid, has a composition of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

A

Triglycerides

66
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In lipids, this steroid is a hormone that plays a role in both the male and female reproductive systems

67
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In lipids, this steroid has the development and maintenance of typical masculine physical characteristics

A

Testosterone

68
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in lipids, it is four fused rings of carbon with diff function groups attached

69
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

Two types of fatty acids

A

Saturated and unsaturated

70
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

This fatty acid is straight in carbon links

71
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this fatty acid has another double bond

A

Unsaturated

72
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

Type of lipid that has tails of two fatty acid chains and a head that contains a phosphate group

A

Phospholipids

73
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In lipids, it is a long chain of alcohol bonded to a fatty acid

74
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

This biomolecule is used in transport of substances, recognition and receptor molecules, and hormones, composed of polymers

75
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in proteins, this protein function helps in framework and structural

A

Structural Protein

76
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, this protein function helps speed up cellular reaction

A

Enzymatic proteins

77
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In protein, this protein function works in transport

A

Membrane transport protein

78
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, this protein function is the movement and the locomotion

A

Motile proteins

79
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, this protein function helps in limitation and regulation

A

Regulatory proteins

80
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in proteins, this protein function facilitates chemical reaction

A

Receptor proteins

81
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, this protein function brings out changes in the body

82
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, this protein function keeps immune system well

A

Antibodies

83
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, this protein function stores information and material

A

Storage proteins

84
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein, these are antibodies that enter the body when injected

A

venoms and toxins

85
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In protein structure, this is the sequence where amino acids form a polypeptide

A

Primary structure

86
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In protein structure, it is produced by twists and turns of the amino acid chains

A

Secondary Structure

87
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein structure, this is the folding of the amino acid chain, with its secondary structures

A

Tertiary Structure

88
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in protein structures, this is the arrangement of polypeptide chains in a protein that is formed more than one

A

Quaternary Structure

89
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

In protein, these are substances that catalyze chemical reaction in a biological system

90
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this biomolecule are large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses

A

Nucleic acids

91
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in nucleic acids, these are linked into nucleic chains by covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate group

A

Nucleotides

92
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this nucleic acid is genetic and heriditary information requisite for inherital trates

93
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids is a one carbon-nitrogen ring

A

Pyrimidines

94
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

this nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids is a two carbon-nitrogen ring

95
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

in nucleic acids, these link covalently to either deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA

A

nitrogenous bases

96
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

This nucleic acid has two nucleotide chains wrapped around each other in a spiral, it is also called a double stranded DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

97
Q

CELLS AND BIOMOLECULES

This nucleic acid exists largely as single polynucleotide chains, it also called a hybrid double helices

A

Ribonucleic acids

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