Test for Ions Flashcards
Magnesium Mg2+
NaOH Dropwise= Slight White precipitate
NaOH Excess= White precipitate
Dilute H2SO4 Dropwise= Slight white precipitate
Dilute H2SO4 Excess=Colourless solution
Calcium Ca2+
Flame Test=Brick-Red Flame
NaOH Dropwise/NaOH excess/ Dilute H2SO4 Dropwise/Dilute H2SO4 Excess= ALL
Slight White Precipitate
Strontium Sr2+
Flame Test=Red flame NaOH Dropwise=Slight White Precipitate NaOH excess=Slight White Precipitate Dilute H2SO4 Dropwise=White Precipitate Dilute H2SO4 excess=White Precipitate
Barium Ba2+
Flame Test= pale green
NaOH Dropwise and excess= No Change
Dilute H2SO4 Dropwise= White precipitate
Dilute H2SO4 excess=White precipitate
Ammonium NH4+
Reagent: 1-NaOH
2-gently heat
3- hold damp red litmus over
Observation: 1-Production of ammonia gas
2-litmus turns blue
Sulfate SO4 2-
Reagent: 1-dilute HCl, 2- BaCl2
Observation: Insoluble White precipitate (BaSO4)
Hydroxide OH-
1-Reagent:Red litmus Paper
Observation:Goes blue
2-pH Metre
Carbonate CO3 2-
Reagent 1- dilute HCL
Observation: 1-effervescence
2-limewater goes milky white cloudy
Chloride (aq)
Reagent: 1-Dilute HNO3 2-silver nitrate solution
Observation: White Precipitate
Dissolves in dilute NH3
Bromide (aq)
Reagent: 1-Dilute HNO3, 2- Silver Nitrate Solution =
Observation: Cream precipitate
Dissolves in conc NH3
Iodide (aq)
Reagent: 1-Dilute HNO3, 2-Silver nitrate solution Observation: Yellow precipitate
Insoluble in conc NH3
Na2O
Air
Water
MgO
Air
Water
Al2O3
Air
Water
SiO2
Air
Water
P4O10
Air
Water
SO2
Air
Water
Primary Alcohol
-
Secondary Alcohol
-
Tertiary Alcohol
-
Aldehyde
Reagent: Fehling's solution Observation: Blue solution to Brick Red precipitate Or Reagent: Tollen’s reagent Observation: Silver mirror formed
Ketone
Reagent: Fehling's solution Observation: stays blue no change Or Reagent: Tollen’s reagent Observation: no change
Alkane
Reagent: Bromine water Observation: stays orange Or Reagent: acidified KMnO4 Observation:stays purple
Alkene
Reagents: Bromine water Observation: orange to Colourless Or Reagent: acidified KMnO4 Observation: colourless
Carboxylic Acid
Reagent: Na2SO4
Observation: Effervescence + CO2
Reagent: Mg
Observation: effervescence + H2gas
Ester
Na2SO4=No change
Mg= No change
Primary Amine
-
Secondary Amine
-
Tertiary Amine
-
Copper Cu2+
-
Iron Fe2+
-
Aluminium Al3+
-
Iron Fe3+
-
Halogenoalkane test
-
acid anhydride
-
Acyl Chloride
Reagents: 1-dilute nitric acid
2-Silver nitrate solution
Observation: 1- Steamy Fumes of HCl
2- White precipitate (AgCl)
Chloride solid
Reagent: 1-conc H2SO4
2-damp blue litmus paper
Observation: 1-effervescence,
2-litmus paper goes red
3- As HCl produced
Bromide Solid
Reagent: 1-conc H2SO4
2-filter paper dipped in acidified K2Cr2O7
Observation: 1- effervescence
2-brown gas produced
3-red brown solution
Iodide Solid
Reagent:1- conc H2SO4
2-filter paper dipped in lead nitrate solution
Observation: 1-Brown gas produced (Br2)
2-Solution turns red/brown
3-Paper turns black
NaF
Reagent: H2SO4
Observation: 1- HF=Steamy white fumes
2- Na2SO4= white solid
NaCl
Reagent: H2SO4
Observation: 1-HCl=Steamy White fumes
2-Na2SO4= White solid
NaBr
Reagent: H2SO4
Observation: 1- HBr= Steamy white fumes
2- Br2= orange fumes
3-SO2= Choking fumes/Colourless acidic
4-Na2SO4= White solid
NaI
Reagent: H2SO4
Observation: 1-HI= steamy white fumes
2-Na2SO4= White solid
3-H2S= Bad egg smell
4- SO2= Choking fumes/colourless acidic
5-S= Yellow solid
Silver nitrate
Reagent: HBr
Observation: Cream precipitate
Halogenoalkane
Reagent: 1-NaOH (nucleophilic Sub) Removes halide ion
2-acidified (dil HNO3) AgNO3
Observation: White/Cream/Yellow precipitate