Test Deck

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

ATP is an energy storage molecule used to provide energy for cellular processes.

Question 2

What does the ATP-ADP Cycle illustrate?

Answer 2

The ATP-ADP Cycle illustrates how ATP is converted to ADP and back to ATP through energy transfer.

Question 3

What is bioenergetics?

Answer 3

Bioenergetics is the study of energy transformations in living things.

Question 4

What are the two states of energy?

Answer 4

• Kinetic energy
• Potential energy

Question 5

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 5

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 6

What is potential energy?

Answer 6

Potential energy is stored energy, such as energy stored in chemical bonds.

Question 7

What is radiant energy?

Answer 7

Radiant energy is light energy.

Question 8

What is chemical energy?

Answer 8

Chemical energy is energy stored in chemical bonds.

Question 9

What does the First Law of Thermodynamics state?

Answer 9

Energy can be transferred, but not created or destroyed.

Question 10

What does the Second Law of Thermodynamics state?

Answer 10

Every energy transfer results in some energy lost as heat, leading to entropy or disorder.

Question 11

How does energy flow in an ecosystem?

Answer 11

Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of light energy and exits in the form of heat energy.

Question 12

What are autotrophs?

Answer 12

Autotrophs are organisms that can synthesize their own organic molecules for food.

Question 13

What are photoautotrophs?

Answer 13

Photoautotrophs use photosynthesis to make organic molecules from light energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

Question 14

What are chemoautotrophs?

Answer 14

Chemoautotrophs use chemosynthesis, utilizing chemicals to make food.

Question 15

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 15

Heterotrophs are organisms that consume organic molecules for energy.

Question 16

What are endergonic reactions?

Answer 16

Endergonic reactions are chemical reactions that require a net input of energy.

Question 17

What are exergonic reactions?

Answer 17

Exergonic reactions are chemical reactions that release energy.

Question 18

What is metabolism?

Answer 18

Metabolism is the sum total of the chemical reactions of all cells.

Question 19

What are catabolic pathways?

Answer 19

Catabolic pathways break down large molecules and release energy.

Question 20

What are anabolic pathways?

Answer 20

Anabolic pathways use energy from catabolic reactions to build larger molecules from smaller ones.

Question 21

What is ATP?

Answer 21

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy carrier used by cells.

Question 22

How does ATP release energy?

Answer 22

ATP releases energy by breaking and reforming the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 23

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

Answer 23

NADP+ is a molecule that can pick up and carry 2 high-energy electrons and a proton.

Question 24

What is NADPH?

Answer 24

NADPH is the reduced form of NADP+ after it has picked up a proton and pair of electrons.

Question 25

Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in plants?

Answer 25

Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the chloroplasts in the leaves.

Question 26

What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 26

6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 27

What are the main pigments involved in photosynthesis?

Answer 27

* Chlorophyll a * Chlorophyll b * Carotenoids * Xanthophylls

Question 28

What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Answer 28

Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 29

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 29

* The Light Reactions * The Calvin Cycle

Question 30

What is the purpose of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 30

The Calvin Cycle uses chemical energy to synthesize sugars from carbon dioxide.

Question 31

What happens to light energy during photosynthesis?

Answer 31

Light energy is transformed into chemical energy.

Question 32

What are accessory pigments?

Answer 32

Accessory pigments protect chlorophyll and absorb light at wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: Energy from the sun is captured by __________ and is used to build molecules.

Answer 33

autotrophs

Question 34

Fill in the blank: Energy can take on many forms including heat, electrical, light, and __________.

Answer 34

sound

Question 35

True or False: Energy can be created and destroyed according to the first law of thermodynamics.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?

Answer 36

Chlorophyll a ## Footnote Chlorophyll a is a blue-green pigment crucial for capturing light energy in photosynthesis.

Question 37

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Answer 37

1. The Light Reactions 2. The Calvin Cycle

Question 38

Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 38

In the grana and thylakoids of the chloroplast

Question 39

What is produced as a waste product during the light reactions?

Answer 39

Oxygen (O2)

Question 40

What is the role of chlorophyll in the light reactions?

Answer 40

Absorbs solar energy and converts it to chemical energy

Question 41

What happens during photolysis?

Answer 41

Water is split to provide electrons to the photosystems

Question 42

What is the function of the electron transport chain (ETC) in photosynthesis?

Answer 42

Transfers excited electrons through a series of protein carriers

Question 43

What does chemiosmosis refer to?

Answer 43

Movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient

Question 44

In the light reactions, what is ATP Synthase responsible for?

Answer 44

Adding a phosphate to ADP to form ATP

Question 45

What is NADPH and how is it formed?

Answer 45

A high-energy carrier formed by NADP+ reductase using electrons and H+

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The light reactions require _______ to occur.

Answer 46

Light

Question 47

True or False: The light reactions of photosynthesis produce glucose directly.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

What is the main function of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 48

To synthesize sugars from CO2 using ATP and NADPH

Question 49

What occurs to H+ ions during the light reactions?

Answer 49

They are pumped from low concentration in the stroma to high concentration in the thylakoid space

Question 50

What restores electrons in Photosystem II?

Answer 50

Photolysis of water

Question 51

What are the two energy-carrying molecules that link the light and dark reactions?

Answer 51

ATP and NADPH