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Chimie > Test chimie > Flashcards

Test chimie Flashcards

1
Q

Formula procentuala

A

Cota de participare a unui element in 100g subst

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2
Q

Formula bruta

A

Raportul numeric de combinare exprimat in nr intregi

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3
Q

Formula moleculara

A

Multiplu intreg al formulei brute,arata nr real al atomilor

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4
Q

Radicalii alchil metan

A

ch4 metan
ch3- metil
-ch2- metiliden
-ch- metin
|

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5
Q

Radicalii alchil etan

A

ch3-ch3 etan
ch3-ch2 etil
ch3-ch- etiliden
|

ch2-ch2. etilen
|. |

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6
Q

Radicalii alchil propan

A

ch3-ch2-ch3 propan

ch3-ch2-ch2- propil
|
ch3-ch-ch3. izopropil

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7
Q

Radicalii alchil butan

A

ch3-ch2-ch2-ch3 butan
ch3-ch2-ch2-ch2- butil
|
ch3-ch-ch2-ch3. secbutil
ch3-ch-ch3 izobutan
|
ch3
ch3-ch-ch2- izobutil
|
ch3
|
ch3-c-ch3. tertbutil
|
ch3

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8
Q

Sinteza ureei

A

AgNCO+Nh4Cl
cianat de ag clorura de amoniu
=Nh4NCO+AgCl
cianat de amoniu clorura de ag

Nh4NCO=NH2-C-H2N
=o
uree

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9
Q

Fluor+metan

A

negru de fum

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10
Q

Halogenarea alcanilor
(metan)

A

reactiv t-300-400 sau hV

ch4+cl2=ch3-cl+hcl

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11
Q

Oxidarile metanului

A

se rup C-H

1.la 60 atm,400 C
1/2O2=ch3-oh
METANOL

2.oxizi de azot,400-600 C

O2=ch2=0+H2O
METANAL/formol

3.1/2O2=CO+2H2
GAZ DE SINTEZA (monoxid de C)

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12
Q

Amonoxidarea metanului

A

Ch4+Nh3+3/2O2.
=HCN+3H2O
ACID CIANHIDRIC
cu Pt/1000C

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13
Q

Reactia de dehidrogenare
(propan,butan)

A

se rup C-H,la temp mai mari de 650C
propan=propena+h2

butan=1 butena,2 butena

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14
Q

Reactia de cracare(butan)

A

se rup C-C,la t mai mici de 650C
butan=metan+propen
etan+etena

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15
Q

Piroliza metanului

A

la 1500C
2ch4=acetilena+3H2

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16
Q

Reactia secundara a pirolizei metanului

A

la 1500c
C+2h2
negru de fum

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17
Q

Reactia de izomerizare(butan)

A

cu AlCl3,50-100C
butan=izobutan

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18
Q

Izomerie cicloalcani

A

catena,
geometrica(cicloalcani distribuiti negeminal)
functiune(cu alchene)

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19
Q

R de aditie la cicloalcani (ciclopropan)

A

pt C3 si C4
ciclopropan+Cl2=1,3dicloropropan

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20
Q

R de substitutie la cicloalcani
(ciclopentan)

A

pt C5 si C6
+cl2=clorociclopentan+HCl

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21
Q

R de izomerizare la cicloalcani(ciclobutan)

A

cu AlCl3,50-100C
ciclobutan=
metilciclopropan

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22
Q

R de descompunere termina la cicloalcani(ciclobutan)

A

la 650C
ciclobutan=2etena

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23
Q

R de oxidare la cicloalcani
(ciclohexan)

A

la 110C
=ciclohexanol+
ciclohexanona

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24
Q

Izomerie ALCHENE

A

pozitie
catena
geometrica
functiune(cu cicloalcanii)

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25
Q

Deshidratarea alcoolilor(2-butanol)

A

cu acid fosforic,sulfuric
=2-butena+apa

26
Q

regula lui Zaitev

A

Gruparea -OH este eliminata cu un atom de H provenind de la un atom de C vecin cel mai sarac in H

27
Q

Aditia H2 la alchene(etena)

A

cu ni,pt,pd
etena=etan

28
Q

Aditia X2 la alchene(propena)

A

rezulta derivati dihalogenati vicinali
propena=1,2 dicloropropan

29
Q

Aditia HX la alchene(etena)

A

rezulta derivati monohalogenati
etena=cloretan

dupa Markovnikov

30
Q

Regula lui Markovnikov

A

Daca alchena este nesimetrica,atunci atomul de halogen se fixeaza la atomul de C cel mai sarac in H

31
Q

Aditia HOH la alchene
(propena)

A

rezulta alcooli
cu H2So4 conc
dupa Markovnikov
=2-propanol

32
Q

Oxidare blanda la alchene(etena)

A

rezulta dioli
cu Bayer: KMnO4/OH-
+02+hoh=1,2 etandiol/glicol

33
Q

Reactia KMnO4 cu apa

A

=hidroxid de potasiu+dioxid de mangan+oxigen atomic

34
Q

Oxidarea energica la alchene

A

se rupe leg dubla
rezulta acizi sau cetone
cu KMnO4/H2So4/H+
sau K2Cr2O7/H2So4/H+

35
Q

Reactia KMnO4 cu H2SO4

A

sulfat de potasiu+sulfat de mangan+apa=oxigen atomic

36
Q

Reactia K2Cr2O7 cu H2SO4

A

sulfat de potasiu+sulfat de crom(verde)+apa+oxigen atomic

37
Q

R de oxidare cu oxigen din aer (etena)

A

rezulta dioli,cu Ag la 250C
etena+1/2O2=1,2 etan diol

38
Q

R de oxidare cu ozon(2-metil propena)

A

=H2O2+metanal+acetona

39
Q

R de substitutie la alchene(propena)

A

in pozitie alilica-primul/primii at de C hibridizati sp3 vecini cu at de C implicati in dubla leg
la 200C
=3-cloropropena+hcl
(clorura de alil)

40
Q

R de alchilare Friedel Crafts la alchene(benzen+propena)

A

cu AlCl3 umeda
=izopropilbenzen
(cumen)

41
Q

R de polimerizare la alchene (etena)

A

monomer=polimer
etena=polietena
=-[ch2-ch2]n-

42
Q

Izomerie alcadiene

A

catena
pozitie
geometrica(2,4-heptadiena 4 iz geometrici:2,4-hexadiena-3 iz geometrici)
functiune(cu cicloalchene si alchine)

43
Q

Aditia H2 la alcadiene(1,3-butadiena)

A

specifice leg duble conjugate
cu Ni,Pt,Pd
=2-butena

44
Q

Aditia X2 la alcadiene(1,3-butadiena)

A

=1,4 dicloro 2 butena

45
Q

Aditia HX la alcadiene(1,3 butadiena)

A

=1-cloro 2-butena

46
Q

R de oxidare blanda la alcadiene(1,3 butadiena)

A

cu KMnO4/OH-
rezulta tetra alcool
=1,2,3,4 butantetrol

47
Q

R de oxidare energica la alcadiene(1,3 butadiena)

A

cu KMnO4/H+ sau K2Cr2O7/H+
=CO2+H2O+acid oxalic

48
Q

Izomerie alchine

A

catena
pozitie
functiune(cu alcadienele si cicloalchenele)

49
Q

Reactia cu carbura de calciu

A

CaC2+2H2O=acetilena+Ca(OH)2
hidroxid de calciu

50
Q

Aditia H2 la alchine(etina)

A

cu Pd/Pb2+
etina=etena
sau cu Ni
etina=etan

51
Q

Aditia X2 la alchine(etina)

A

cu CCl4
=1,2dicloro etena(cis,trans)

52
Q

Aditia HCl la alchine(etina)

A

cu HgCl2/C la 120-170C
=clorura de vinil

53
Q

Aditia acid acetic la alchine (etina)

A

cu (ch3coo)2Zn la 200C
=acetat de vinil
(-O-CO-CH3)

53
Q

Aditia acid cianhidric la alchine (etina)

A

cu CuCl2/Nh4Cl la 80C
=acrilonitril
(-C=N triplu)

54
Q

Aditia HOH la alchine (etina)

A

r Kucerov
cu HgSO4/H2SO4
=enol instabil(alcool vinilic)–tautomerizare
=etanal/acetaldehida

55
Q

R de dimerizare la alchine (etina)

A

cu CuCl2/NH4Cl la 100C
=vinilacetilena

56
Q

R de trimerizare la alchine (etina,propina)

A

cu tuburi ceramice la 600-800C
=benzen
=1,3,5 trimetilbenzen (mesitilen)

57
Q

R de oxidare la alchine(etina,propina)

A

cu KMn04/OH-
rezulta acizi si cetone
=acid oxalic
=acid piruvic

58
Q

R de substitutie la alchine(acetilena)
1.Acetiluri ale metalelor din gr 1 si 2

A

la 150C
+Na=acetilura monosodica+1/2H2

la 220C=acetilura disodica+1/2H2
!DOAR 1-ALCHINELE

59
Q

R de substitutie la alchine(acetilena)
2.Acetiluri ale metalelor tranzitionale

A

+clorura de diamino Cu 1=acetilura de Cu+clorura de amoniu +amoniac

+r Tollens/hidroxid diamino argentic=acetilura de Ag+amoniac+apa

Chimie (2 decks)

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