Test Ch. 8

Question 0

Monomer that forms DNA and has a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base

Answer 0

Nucleotide

Question 1

Virus that infects bacteria

Answer 1

Bacteriophage

Question 2

Model that compares the structure of a DNA molecule, in which two strands wind around one another, to that of a twisted ladder

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

Rule that describes how nucleotides form bonds in DNA

Answer 3

Base pairing rules

Question 4

Process by which DNA is copied

Answer 4

Replication

Question 5

Enzyme that makes bonds between nucleotides, forming an identical strand of DNA during replication

Answer 5

DNA polymerase

Question 6

Theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins

Answer 6

Central dogma

Question 7

Nucleic acid molecule that allows for the transmission of genetic information and protein synthesis

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA form a complementary strand of mRNA

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

Enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

Form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis

Answer 10

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 11

RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein; also used as molecular clock

Answer 11

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 12

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

Answer 12

Translation

Question 13

Sequence of three nucleotides that codes of one amino acid

Answer 13

Codon

Question 14

Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation

Answer 14

Stop codon

Question 15

Codon that signals to ribosomes to begin translation; codes for the first amino acid in a protein

Answer 15

Start codon

Question 16

Three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation

Answer 16

Anticodon

Question 17

Section of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds, starting the transcription of mRNA

Answer 17

Promoter

Question 18

Section of DNA that contains all of the code to begin transcription, regulate, transcription, regulate transcription, and build a protein; includes a promoter, regulatory gene, and structural gene

Answer 18

Operon

Question 19

Sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis

Answer 19

Exon

Question 20

Segment of a gene that does not code for an amino acid

Answer 20

Intron

Question 21

Change in the DNA sequence

Answer 21

Mutation

Question 22

Mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide

Answer 22

Point mutation

Question 23

Mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

Answer 23

Frameshift mutation

Question 24

That can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms

Answer 24

Mutagen