Test Bank-Table 1

Question 1

The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation are:

Answer 1

Duration, distance, and shielding

Question 2

Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in US burn mortality?

Answer 2

Improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use

Question 3

Which classification of burn is characterized mainly by blisters?

Answer 3

Partial-thickness

Question 4

Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old female has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:

Answer 4

Critical

Question 5

An area of burned tissue that is not painful is most likely a ________ burn injury.

Answer 5

Full-thickness

Question 6

You have been dispatched to a call for a burn patient. Upon arriving, you find a 23-year-old female who was sunbathing and fell asleep. She is alert and oriented and in moderate pain. She has blisters covering her extremities, abdomen, face, and chest. This patient’s burns fall into which one of the following categories?

Answer 6

Critical

Question 7

Which of the following stages of burn injury is best described as including a pain response, an outpouring of catecholamines, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild hypertension, and anxiety?

Answer 7

Emergent

Question 8

Which tissue layer(s) is (are) affected by partial thickness burns?

1. Epidermis
2. Dermis
3. Subcutaneous
4. Muscle

Answer 8

1 and 2

Question 9

Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving ________ necrosis of the tissue.

Answer 9

Liquefaction

Question 10

Your patient has circumferential full-thickness burns of the thorax. He is intubated, and you have noticed an increase in resistance as you bag him. His skin is very tight and inflexible as you try to ventilate. Which of the following is required to improve this patient’s ventilatory status?

Answer 10

Escharotomy

Question 11

Which of the following body areas warrant special attention when burned?

Answer 11

Feet

Question 12

Which of the following patient factors increases the criticality of the patient’s burn injuries?

Answer 12

Being in the geriatric age group

Question 13

You are dispatched to a structure fire at which there is a report of a burned person. Your patient is a 32-year-old male with blisters on his anterior chest and circumferential superficial burns to both lower extremities. Using the “Rules of Nines,” what percentage of burn does this patient have?

Answer 13

45

Question 14

Which of the following agents is the best choice for analgesia in a patient with 9 percent partial-thickness burns involving the right lower extremity?

Answer 14

Fentanyl

Question 15

The type of electricity supplied to homes is ________ current. Contact with this type of current may result in ________.

Answer 15

Alternating, muscle tetany

Question 16

You are caring for a patient with 30 percent full- and partial-thickness burns. He is an 80 kg male. According to the Parkland formula, he should receive ________ liters of fluid over 24 hours, with ________ liters infused in the first 8 hours.

Answer 16

10.6, 5.3

Question 17

According to Jackson’s theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage?

Answer 17

Coagulation

Question 18

Which type of radiation particle can travel through 6 to 10 feet of air, penetrate a few layers of clothing, and cause external and internal injuries?

Answer 18

Beta

Question 19

Which of the following accounts for the most severe thermal burns of the airway?

Answer 19

Inhalation of superheated steam

Question 20

Which of the following may occur from watching arc welding without proper protection?

Answer 20

Ultraviolet keratitis

Question 21

For which of the following burn patients could you use local cooling?

Answer 21

A 52-year-old male with a 1-inch-wide, full-thickness burn across the entire width of the palm of his right hand resulting from picking up a hot grate from a barbecue grill

Question 22

A burn patient who has signs and symptoms of inhalation injury with associated respiratory compromise should be classified as:

Answer 22

Critical

Question 23

You are assessing a 17-year-old male patient with a burn on the lateral aspect of his thigh. Which of the following guidelines is most helpful when estimating the percentage of total body surface area involved?

Answer 23

The Rule of Palms

Question 24

Which of the following is TRUE of the heat generated when electricity flows through the body?

Answer 24

Dry skin offers more resistance to electricity, generating more heat.

Question 25

Cool-water immersion of a burned part effectively reduces burning only when done within which of the following time frames?

Answer 25

The first 1 to 2 minutes

Question 26

Paralysis of the muscles of respiration may occur when there is body contact with electrical currents as low as ________ mA.

Answer 26

20

Question 27

The first step for treating a patient who has been contaminated with dry lime is to:

Answer 27

Brush away as much of the powder as possible

Question 28

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of most burns to the human body?

Answer 28

Heat causes evaporation of water and denatures protein.

Question 29

Which of the following represents the modified body surface area percentages in the “Rule of Nines” for pediatric patients?

Answer 29

Lower extremities are 13.5 percent each.

Question 30

The voltage of a bolt of lightning may be as much as ________ volts, and its temperature may reach ________° Fahrenheit.

Answer 30

100,000; 50,000

Question 31

Most inhalation injuries in burn patients are due to which of the following?

Answer 31

Toxic inhalation

Question 32

During which phase of a burn injury does extravasation of proteins, water, and electrolytes occur, resulting in edema and potential hypovolemia?

Answer 32

Fluid shift

Question 33

Your patient is a 23-year-old female who was rescued from a burning house. She was asleep in a back bedroom when the fire started, and there was no smoke alarm. She has a pulse oximetry reading of 99 percent after receiving oxygen by nonrebreathing mask. What is the most appropriate interpretation of this finding?

Answer 33

You cannot rely on this alone to assess oxygenation.

Question 34

Which of the following body structures is the best electricity conductor?

Answer 34

Nerves

Question 35

Which of the following burns would be classified as moderate?

Answer 35

Partial-thickness < 30 percent BSA

Question 36

Patients who survive the first several days of a moderate to critical burn are most likely to die from which of the following complications?

Answer 36

Infection

Question 37

Flash burns associated with electricity occur because:

Answer 37

Air is highly resistant to the passage of electricity, generating intense heat

Question 38

You are assessing a 37-year-old woman who was rescued from an apartment fire. She has a harsh, stridorous, “brassy”-sounding cough productive of sooty sputum. Her eyebrows and the hair around her face are singed. Respirations = 28, heart rate = 108, and blood pressure = 124/84. You have a 30-minute transport time. Which of the following is the best intervention for this patient?

Answer 38

RSI and endotracheal intubation

Question 39

The seriousness of burns in the pediatric population is put into perspective by realizing that burns are the ________ leading cause of death in children under age 12 years.

Answer 39

Second

Question 40

Which of the following chemicals must be brushed off the skin, then covered with oil?

Answer 40

Sodium metal