Test Bank-Table 1 Flashcards
The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation are:
Duration, distance, and shielding
Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in US burn mortality?
Improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use
Which classification of burn is characterized mainly by blisters?
Partial-thickness
Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old female has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:
Critical
An area of burned tissue that is not painful is most likely a ________ burn injury.
Full-thickness
You have been dispatched to a call for a burn patient. Upon arriving, you find a 23-year-old female who was sunbathing and fell asleep. She is alert and oriented and in moderate pain. She has blisters covering her extremities, abdomen, face, and chest. This patient’s burns fall into which one of the following categories?
Critical
Which of the following stages of burn injury is best described as including a pain response, an outpouring of catecholamines, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild hypertension, and anxiety?
Emergent
Which tissue layer(s) is (are) affected by partial thickness burns?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous
- Muscle
1 and 2
Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving ________ necrosis of the tissue.
Liquefaction
Your patient has circumferential full-thickness burns of the thorax. He is intubated, and you have noticed an increase in resistance as you bag him. His skin is very tight and inflexible as you try to ventilate. Which of the following is required to improve this patient’s ventilatory status?
Escharotomy
Which of the following body areas warrant special attention when burned?
Feet
Which of the following patient factors increases the criticality of the patient’s burn injuries?
Being in the geriatric age group
You are dispatched to a structure fire at which there is a report of a burned person. Your patient is a 32-year-old male with blisters on his anterior chest and circumferential superficial burns to both lower extremities. Using the “Rules of Nines,” what percentage of burn does this patient have?
45
Which of the following agents is the best choice for analgesia in a patient with 9 percent partial-thickness burns involving the right lower extremity?
Fentanyl
The type of electricity supplied to homes is ________ current. Contact with this type of current may result in ________.
Alternating, muscle tetany
You are caring for a patient with 30 percent full- and partial-thickness burns. He is an 80 kg male. According to the Parkland formula, he should receive ________ liters of fluid over 24 hours, with ________ liters infused in the first 8 hours.
10.6, 5.3
According to Jackson’s theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage?
Coagulation
Which type of radiation particle can travel through 6 to 10 feet of air, penetrate a few layers of clothing, and cause external and internal injuries?
Beta
Which of the following accounts for the most severe thermal burns of the airway?
Inhalation of superheated steam
Which of the following may occur from watching arc welding without proper protection?
Ultraviolet keratitis
For which of the following burn patients could you use local cooling?
A 52-year-old male with a 1-inch-wide, full-thickness burn across the entire width of the palm of his right hand resulting from picking up a hot grate from a barbecue grill
A burn patient who has signs and symptoms of inhalation injury with associated respiratory compromise should be classified as:
Critical
You are assessing a 17-year-old male patient with a burn on the lateral aspect of his thigh. Which of the following guidelines is most helpful when estimating the percentage of total body surface area involved?
The Rule of Palms
Which of the following is TRUE of the heat generated when electricity flows through the body?
Dry skin offers more resistance to electricity, generating more heat.
Cool-water immersion of a burned part effectively reduces burning only when done within which of the following time frames?
The first 1 to 2 minutes
Paralysis of the muscles of respiration may occur when there is body contact with electrical currents as low as ________ mA.
20
The first step for treating a patient who has been contaminated with dry lime is to:
Brush away as much of the powder as possible
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of most burns to the human body?
Heat causes evaporation of water and denatures protein.
Which of the following represents the modified body surface area percentages in the “Rule of Nines” for pediatric patients?
Lower extremities are 13.5 percent each.
The voltage of a bolt of lightning may be as much as ________ volts, and its temperature may reach ________° Fahrenheit.
100,000; 50,000
Most inhalation injuries in burn patients are due to which of the following?
Toxic inhalation
During which phase of a burn injury does extravasation of proteins, water, and electrolytes occur, resulting in edema and potential hypovolemia?
Fluid shift
Your patient is a 23-year-old female who was rescued from a burning house. She was asleep in a back bedroom when the fire started, and there was no smoke alarm. She has a pulse oximetry reading of 99 percent after receiving oxygen by nonrebreathing mask. What is the most appropriate interpretation of this finding?
You cannot rely on this alone to assess oxygenation.
Which of the following body structures is the best electricity conductor?
Nerves
Which of the following burns would be classified as moderate?
Partial-thickness < 30 percent BSA
Patients who survive the first several days of a moderate to critical burn are most likely to die from which of the following complications?
Infection
Flash burns associated with electricity occur because:
Air is highly resistant to the passage of electricity, generating intense heat
You are assessing a 37-year-old woman who was rescued from an apartment fire. She has a harsh, stridorous, “brassy”-sounding cough productive of sooty sputum. Her eyebrows and the hair around her face are singed. Respirations = 28, heart rate = 108, and blood pressure = 124/84. You have a 30-minute transport time. Which of the following is the best intervention for this patient?
RSI and endotracheal intubation
The seriousness of burns in the pediatric population is put into perspective by realizing that burns are the ________ leading cause of death in children under age 12 years.
Second
Which of the following chemicals must be brushed off the skin, then covered with oil?
Sodium metal
