Test Bank Flashcards
Three Phases of Energy Metabolism
Cephalic Phase, Absorptive Phase, Fasting Phase
Glucostatic theory is to lipostatic theory as….
glucose is to fat and long-term is to short-term regulation
Which of the following influences the positive-incentive value of food?
a) the flavor of the food
b) the amount of time since one last ate
c) one’s previous experiences with the food
d) whether or not other people are present and eating
e) all of the above
e) all of the above
Those mammals with ready access to a continuous supply of good food usually eat __________ each day.
many small meals, or snacks
Which hormone, other than leptin, meets the criteria of a negative feedback signal for body fat regulation?
insulin
The idea that the LH is a hunger center has largely been abandoned because
bilateral LH lesions produce severe and general motor disturbances and reduce responsiveness to all kinds of sensory input, not just food
Neuropeptide Y, galanin, orexin A, and ghrelin are
hunger peptides
As a person puts on weight, there is
an increase in the efficiency of energy use
Although __________ agonists are effective in the treatment of obesity, they are currently not in wide use because they tend to have dangerous side effects.
serotonin
The Page & Sherwin (2013) research looked at how the human brain responded to simple ________ through brain-imaging techniques.
sugars
An important advantage of the oral route of drug administration in comparison to other conventional routes is its relative
a) predictability.
b) ease.
c) safety.
d) all of the above
e) both B and C
e) both B and C
The before-and-after design is often used to demonstrate
contingent tolerance
Withdrawal from which of the following drugs produces the DTs?
a) morphine
b) heroin
c) cocaine
d) both A and B
e) none of the above
e) none of the above - it’s alcohol
Although causal effects have not yet been proven, the well-established correlation between heavy marijuana use and ____________ is cause for concern.
schizophrenia
Which of the drugs has effects like those of amphetamine?
cocaine
The mesotelencephalic dopamine system comprises two pathways:
nigrostriatal pathway and the mesocorticolimbic pathway
Modern approaches to the study of drug addiction are concerned with modeling
a) initial drug taking.
b) habitual drug taking.
c) drug craving and relapse.
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
all of the above
Recent research suggests that, during the transition from initial drug taking to habitual drug taking,
a) there are impairments in the function of prefrontal cortex.
b) the control of drug taking is shifted from the nucleus accumbens.
c) the control of drug taking is shifted to the dorsal striatum.
d) all of the above
e) none of the above
d) all of the above
Freud died in 1939 from cancer caused by his addiction to
nicotine
Which of the following is NOT one of the Koob & Volkow (2016) stages of addiction:
a)Binge-intoxication
b) Binge-depression
c) All of the above are included in Koob & Volkow’s stages of addiction
d) Negative affect and withdrawal
e) Preoccupation and craving
b) Binge-depression
Hormones influence sexual behavior by
directing the development of many of the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics that distinguish one as male or female.
AND
activating the reproduction-related behavior of sexually mature adults.
Most hormones fit into one of the following three categories:
amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, or steroids
What is the correct sequence of structures, from overall-to-specific control, involved in the regulation of gonadal hormones?
hypothalamus – anterior pituitary – gonads – body tissues
Both follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are
gonadotropins.
During the third month of male fetal development, the testes secrete substantial amounts of testosterone and
Müllerian-inhibiting substance
Human male brains and human female brains…
differ slightly in size, but appear to be anatomically identical
If identified at birth in a genetic female, adrenogenital syndrome is typically treated by early
surgical correction of any abnormalities of the genitals and the administration of cortisol
Destruction of the medial preoptic area abolishes
male copulatory behavior
Bailey and Pillard studied a group of gay males who had twin brothers. They found that ________________ were gay.
52% of the monozygotic twin brothers and 22% of the dizygotic twin brothers.
What is the burgeoning area of research aimed at discovering hormone relationships to social behavior?
social neuroendocrinology
Volunteers in sleep experiments are normally habituated to the sleep laboratory for a few nights before the commencement of any formal testing
because the first night of sleep in a laboratory is often fitful
K complexes and sleep spindles
occur during stage 2 sleep AND are EEG waves
Somnambulism typically occurs during
slow-wave sleep
According to adaptation theories of sleep, sleep
is not fundamentally recuperative in nature
Many sleep-deprivation studies have assessed its impact on human
physiological function, mood and cognition
Eastern flights
cause phase advances (internal body clock must adjust to an earlier time - more challenging than a phase delay in western flights)
Studies of __________ provided early evidence that the anterior hypothalamus is involved in sleep.
encephalitis lethargica
Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a
chronobiotic
Siclari and colleagues in 2017 found that when dreaming about faces, subjects had increased high-frequency activity in the region of the brain involved in __________.
face recognition
Phineas Gage had damage to his medial
prefrontal lobes
According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the feeling of emotion by the cortex and the expression of emotion by the autonomic and somatic nervous systems are
parallel processes
In order to employ the guilty-knowledge technique, the polygrapher needs to
have a piece of information about the crime that is known by the guilty party but not by any of the other suspects.
The Duchenne smile (genuine smile)
involves the orbicularis oculi
Pellis and his colleagues found that giving cats an antianxiety drug tended to increase the efficiency of their
mouse killing
The amygdala is thought to activate the appropriate sympathetic responses to threat via the __________ and the appropriate defensive responses to threat via the ___________.
hypothalamus; PAG
Functional brain imaging studies of the role of human medial prefrontal cortex in emotion have often employed
suppression paradigms AND reappraisal paradigms
The most commonly employed physiological measure of stress is the level of circulating
glucocorticoids
Disruptions in immune function do not necessarily increase the incidence of infectious disease because
a) the immune system has many redundant components.
b) disruptions in immune function may be too brief to affect susceptibility to infection.
c) disruptions in immune function may trigger compensatory improvements to other aspects of immune function.
d) all of the above
e) both A and B
all of the above
Individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia with catatonia often experience a unique symptom when somebody tries to move them
waxy flexibility
The first two antipsychotic drugs were
chlorpromazine and reserpine
Anxiety disorders, coronary heart disease, and diabetes are often comorbid with
major depressive disorder
Drugs that reduce depression without increasing mania, or reduce mania without increasing depression, are called
mood stabilizers
__________ is characterized by a pathological fear of public places and open spaces
Agoraphobia
Which neurotransmitter has been most often implicated in anxiety disorders because of the effects of benzodiazepines?
GABA
In functional brain-imaging studies of Tourette’s patients who are suppressing their tics, abnormal activity has been consistently observed in the caudate and
prefrontal cortex
Drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable are called __________ drugs.
orphan
In the Jangling Journey article, Dr. Hollenbeck discusses his personal experience with ________.
multiple scelerosis
