Test Bank

Question 1

Three Phases of Energy Metabolism

Answer 1

Cephalic Phase, Absorptive Phase, Fasting Phase

Question 2

Glucostatic theory is to lipostatic theory as….

Answer 2

glucose is to fat and long-term is to short-term regulation

Question 3

Which of the following influences the positive-incentive value of food?

a) the flavor of the food
b) the amount of time since one last ate
c) one’s previous experiences with the food
d) whether or not other people are present and eating
e) all of the above

Answer 3

e) all of the above

Question 4

Those mammals with ready access to a continuous supply of good food usually eat __________ each day.

Answer 4

many small meals, or snacks

Question 5

Which hormone, other than leptin, meets the criteria of a negative feedback signal for body fat regulation?

Answer 5

insulin

Question 6

The idea that the LH is a hunger center has largely been abandoned because

Answer 6

bilateral LH lesions produce severe and general motor disturbances and reduce responsiveness to all kinds of sensory input, not just food

Question 7

Neuropeptide Y, galanin, orexin A, and ghrelin are

Answer 7

hunger peptides

Question 8

As a person puts on weight, there is

Answer 8

an increase in the efficiency of energy use

Question 9

Although __________ agonists are effective in the treatment of obesity, they are currently not in wide use because they tend to have dangerous side effects.

Answer 9

serotonin

Question 10

The Page & Sherwin (2013) research looked at how the human brain responded to simple ________ through brain-imaging techniques.

Answer 10

sugars

Question 11

An important advantage of the oral route of drug administration in comparison to other conventional routes is its relative

a) predictability.
b) ease.
c) safety.
d) all of the above
e) both B and C

Answer 11

e) both B and C

Question 12

The before-and-after design is often used to demonstrate

Answer 12

contingent tolerance

Question 13

Withdrawal from which of the following drugs produces the DTs?

a) morphine
b) heroin
c) cocaine
d) both A and B
e) none of the above

Answer 13

e) none of the above - it’s alcohol

Question 14

Although causal effects have not yet been proven, the well-established correlation between heavy marijuana use and ____________ is cause for concern.

Answer 14

schizophrenia

Question 15

Which of the drugs has effects like those of amphetamine?

Answer 15

cocaine

Question 16

The mesotelencephalic dopamine system comprises two pathways:

Answer 16

nigrostriatal pathway and the mesocorticolimbic pathway

Question 17

Modern approaches to the study of drug addiction are concerned with modeling

a) initial drug taking.
b) habitual drug taking.
c) drug craving and relapse.
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

Answer 17

all of the above

Question 18

Recent research suggests that, during the transition from initial drug taking to habitual drug taking,

a) there are impairments in the function of prefrontal cortex.
b) the control of drug taking is shifted from the nucleus accumbens.
c) the control of drug taking is shifted to the dorsal striatum.
d) all of the above
e) none of the above

Answer 18

d) all of the above

Question 19

Freud died in 1939 from cancer caused by his addiction to

Answer 19

nicotine

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the Koob & Volkow (2016) stages of addiction:

a)Binge-intoxication
b) Binge-depression
c) All of the above are included in Koob & Volkow’s stages of addiction
d) Negative affect and withdrawal
e) Preoccupation and craving

Answer 20

b) Binge-depression

Question 21

Hormones influence sexual behavior by

Answer 21

directing the development of many of the anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics that distinguish one as male or female.
AND
activating the reproduction-related behavior of sexually mature adults.

Question 22

Most hormones fit into one of the following three categories:

Answer 22

amino acid derivatives, peptides and proteins, or steroids

Question 23

What is the correct sequence of structures, from overall-to-specific control, involved in the regulation of gonadal hormones?

Answer 23

hypothalamus – anterior pituitary – gonads – body tissues

Question 24

Both follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are

Answer 24

gonadotropins.

Question 25

During the third month of male fetal development, the testes secrete substantial amounts of testosterone and

Answer 25

Müllerian-inhibiting substance

Question 26

Human male brains and human female brains...

Answer 26

differ slightly in size, but appear to be anatomically identical

Question 27

If identified at birth in a genetic female, adrenogenital syndrome is typically treated by early

Answer 27

surgical correction of any abnormalities of the genitals and the administration of cortisol

Question 28

Destruction of the medial preoptic area abolishes

Answer 28

male copulatory behavior

Question 29

Bailey and Pillard studied a group of gay males who had twin brothers. They found that ________________ were gay.

Answer 29

52% of the monozygotic twin brothers and 22% of the dizygotic twin brothers.

Question 30

What is the burgeoning area of research aimed at discovering hormone relationships to social behavior?

Answer 30

social neuroendocrinology

Question 31

Volunteers in sleep experiments are normally habituated to the sleep laboratory for a few nights before the commencement of any formal testing

Answer 31

because the first night of sleep in a laboratory is often fitful

Question 32

K complexes and sleep spindles

Answer 32

occur during stage 2 sleep AND are EEG waves

Question 33

Somnambulism typically occurs during

Answer 33

slow-wave sleep

Question 34

According to adaptation theories of sleep, sleep

Answer 34

is not fundamentally recuperative in nature

Question 35

Many sleep-deprivation studies have assessed its impact on human

Answer 35

physiological function, mood and cognition

Question 36

Eastern flights

Answer 36

cause phase advances (internal body clock must adjust to an earlier time - more challenging than a phase delay in western flights)

Question 37

Studies of __________ provided early evidence that the anterior hypothalamus is involved in sleep.

Answer 37

encephalitis lethargica

Question 38

Evidence indicates that melatonin may function as a

Answer 38

chronobiotic

Question 39

Siclari and colleagues in 2017 found that when dreaming about faces, subjects had increased high-frequency activity in the region of the brain involved in __________.

Answer 39

face recognition

Question 40

Phineas Gage had damage to his medial

Answer 40

prefrontal lobes

Question 41

According to the Cannon-Bard theory, the feeling of emotion by the cortex and the expression of emotion by the autonomic and somatic nervous systems are

Answer 41

parallel processes

Question 42

In order to employ the guilty-knowledge technique, the polygrapher needs to

Answer 42

have a piece of information about the crime that is known by the guilty party but not by any of the other suspects.

Question 43

The Duchenne smile (genuine smile)

Answer 43

involves the orbicularis oculi

Question 44

Pellis and his colleagues found that giving cats an antianxiety drug tended to increase the efficiency of their

Answer 44

mouse killing

Question 45

The amygdala is thought to activate the appropriate sympathetic responses to threat via the __________ and the appropriate defensive responses to threat via the ___________.

Answer 45

hypothalamus; PAG

Question 46

Functional brain imaging studies of the role of human medial prefrontal cortex in emotion have often employed

Answer 46

suppression paradigms AND reappraisal paradigms

Question 47

The most commonly employed physiological measure of stress is the level of circulating

Answer 47

glucocorticoids

Question 48

Disruptions in immune function do not necessarily increase the incidence of infectious disease because a) the immune system has many redundant components. b) disruptions in immune function may be too brief to affect susceptibility to infection. c) disruptions in immune function may trigger compensatory improvements to other aspects of immune function. d) all of the above e) both A and B

Answer 48

all of the above

Question 49

Individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia with catatonia often experience a unique symptom when somebody tries to move them

Answer 49

waxy flexibility

Question 50

The first two antipsychotic drugs were

Answer 50

chlorpromazine and reserpine

Question 51

Anxiety disorders, coronary heart disease, and diabetes are often comorbid with

Answer 51

major depressive disorder

Question 52

Drugs that reduce depression without increasing mania, or reduce mania without increasing depression, are called

Answer 52

mood stabilizers

Question 53

__________ is characterized by a pathological fear of public places and open spaces

Answer 53

Agoraphobia

Question 54

Which neurotransmitter has been most often implicated in anxiety disorders because of the effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 54

GABA

Question 55

In functional brain-imaging studies of Tourette’s patients who are suppressing their tics, abnormal activity has been consistently observed in the caudate and

Answer 55

prefrontal cortex

Question 56

Drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable are called __________ drugs.

Answer 56

orphan

Question 57

In the Jangling Journey article, Dr. Hollenbeck discusses his personal experience with ________.

Answer 57

multiple scelerosis