Test - Atoms and The Periodic Table Flashcards
How is an Atom Structured
Nucleus in the middle, contains protons and neutrons inside. with electrons on electrons shells outside the nucleus.
Explain the characteristics of the nucleus
contains protons and nuetrons
Characteristics of protons
Large, Positive charge, in nucleus
characteristics of electrons
small, on energy levels, negative charge, not in nucleus
characteristics of nuetrons
neutral charge, large, in nuclues
characteristics of quarks
particle that make up protons and nuetrons
What is an isotope
The same element with a different number of nuetrons
what are valence electrons? exceptions?
Electrons on the outermost energy level, hydrogen is an exception
Why is an atom mostly empty space? Where is the mass of an atom located?
Atoms contain elections with minimal mass, the mass is located in the nucleus
Who is Proust?
law of definite proportions
who is dalton
he founded the atomic theory
who is bohr
developed the model with electrons shells
Who is thomson
Discovered the electron
who is rutherford
plum pudding model
who is chadwick
discovered the nuetron
What is a Bohr diagram?
show electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom somewhat like planets orbit around the sun.
What is an electron dot diagram?
diagrams in which the valence electrons of an atom are shown as dots distributed around the element’s symbol
How is the periodic table originally organized and how is it currently organized?
it used to be arranged by atomic mass, but now it is arranged by atomic number
How do elements within a group compare to each other?
They have the same physical and chemical properties
How do elements within a period compare to each other?
they have the same amount of valence electrons
How do the periodic table and valence electrons and energy levels relate to each
other?
The energy level of an atom’s valence electrons is directly related to its period in the periodic table
What makes an element radioactive?
When an atom doesn’t not have the same number of protons and electrons
What are three of the main elements that make up our body?
Oxygen and Hydrogen
What is the difference between fission/fusion?
Fission splits, fusions puts together
What is nuclear energy and what are arguments for and against the use in our
world?
While it is a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels, this type of power is also associated with some of the world’s most dangerous and deadliest weapons.
What are atomic bombs and what are arguments for and against the creation of
these weapons?
They are nuclear weapons, the arguments are that they are destructive and deadly
How was radium used in everyday life and what happened to those women
exposed?
Radium was used on clocks and watches, and in factories. The women who were exposed suffered radium poisoning and painful, early deaths
what are metals
an element that form positive ions and has metallic bonds
what are non-metals
a chemical element that mostly lacks distinctive metallic properties.
what are metaloids
whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals or semiconductors.
