Test 9th May Revision Flashcards
How are metal oxides formed?
Formed by a metal and oxygen reacting together.
What is an oxidation?
Oxidation is the gain of oxygen by a substance. For example, magnesium is oxidised when it reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide
What is reduction?
Reduction is the loss of oxygen from a substance. For example, copper oxide can be reduced to form copper if it is reacted with hydrogen:
What is the order of reactivity in metals?
Private Second-class MacZitl he can make some gun powder - take out carbon and hydrogen if not required
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Helium Copper Mercury Silver Gold Platinum
What is a displacement reaction?
Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.
How do metals react with water?
they form a metal hydroxide (forming an alkaline solution) and hydrogen gas.
What are native metals?
metal that is found in its metallic form, either pure or as an alloy, in nature.
What are ores?
Ores are naturally occurring rocks that contain metal or metal compounds
Why can’t some metals be extracted from their ores using reduction with carbon?
depends on their reactivity. For example, reactive metals such as aluminium are extracted by electrolysis, while a less-reactive metal such as iron may be extracted by reduction with carbon or carbon monoxide.
What is oxidation in terms of electrons? (HT)
Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a substance during a chemical reaction. OILRIG
What is reduction in terms of electrons? (HT)
Reduction is the gaining of electrons.
What is OILRIG? (HT)
Oxidation is the loss of electrons, Reduction is the gaining of electrons.
How can I write an ionic equation for a displacement reaction?
iron + copper(II) sulfate —> iron sulfate + copper.
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) —-> FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
How is a half equation constructed to show OILRIG?
A half-equation shows you what happens at one of the electrodes during electrolysis. Electrons are shown as e–.
anode: 2Cl– – 2e– → Cl2 (oxidation)
cathode: 2H+ + 2e– → H2 (reduction).
Why are reactions between acids and metals classed as redox reactions?
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
How do magnesium, zinc and iron react with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid?
METAL + ACID → SALT + HYDROGEN
MG + HCL → magnesium chloride + hydrogen
What is the general word equation when an acid reacts with a base?
metal oxide + acid → a salt + water
What is the general word equation when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate?
acid + metal carbonate → a salt + water + carbon dioxide
What type of salt is produced when an alkali or base reacts with hydrochloric acid?
Chloride
What type of salt is produced when an alkali or base reacts with sulfuric acid?
Sulphate
What type of salt is produced when an alkali or base reacts with nitric acid?
Nitrate
What are the state symbols and what do they mean?
(s) - Solid
(l) - Liquid
(g) - Gas
(aq) - Aqueous ( dissolved in water)
What is PH?
a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale
What can we use to measure ph?
Litmus Paper
Universal Indicator
PH Probe
What is neutralisation?
A reaction in which acidity or alkalinity is removed is called neutralisation.
What ions do acidic solutions contain?
contains hydrogen ions H+(aq).
What ions do alkali solutions contain?
contains hydroxide ions OH-(aq).
What is neutralisation in terms of ions? How can neutralisation reaction be represented as an equation?
neutralisation is the reaction between hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which produces water molecules. So its +Water at the end.
How can neutralisation reaction be represented as an equation?
H+ + OH− → H2O
How do I carry out a titration reaction? (Steps)
NEED TO DO & MORE QUESTIONS SUCH AS MOLES
How do I complete calculations using titrations?
Step 1: Convert volumes to dm3
Step 2: Determine the number of moles of salt
Step 3: Work out the number of moles of acid using the balanced equation
Step 4: Calculate the concentration of the acid
What is a strong acid and what are some examples?
An acid that breaks down completely and gives off many ions, or protons, is considered to be a strong acid. For example, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid
What is a weak acid and what are some examples?
Weak acids do not completely dissociate into their ions in water. For example, nitrous acid,sulfurous acid.
What do the terms dilute and concentrated mean in terms of an amount of substance?
Dilute: Has a small amount of solute in the solvent.
Concentrated: Has a large amount of solute in the solvent
What do weak and strong mean in terms of acids?
Strong acids are fully ionised but weak acids are only partly ionised in solution.
