Test Flashcards
Publisher of the book, Finger Prints and first to classify loop, whorl, and arch?
Calvin Goddard
Francis Galton
Edmond Locard
ALphonse Bertillon
Francis Galton
Evidence that Implicates the accused?
Inculpatory
Exculpatory
Direct
Circumstantial
Inculpatory
Feature of an item that is unique to a group of items or information in an non-individual context about some aspect physical evidence is
Associative evidence
reconstructive evidence
Class Characteristics
Individual Characteristics
Class Characteristics
Term used to describe the overall crime scene?
Primary
Secondary
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Macroscopic
Crime scene description based on location of the original criminal activity?
Primary
Secondary
Macroscopic
Microscopic
Primary
The step in Crime Scene Reconstruction where additional accumulation of data is based on examination of the physical evidence and the continuing investigation is
Conjecture
Hypothesis Formulation
Testing
Theory Formulation
Hypothesis Formulation
The step in Crime Scene Reconstruction when the hypothesis has been thoroughly tested and verified by analysis, this may occur
Conjecture
Hypothesis Formulation
Testing
Theory Formulation
Theory Formulation
Fluid portion of blood that contains red and white blood cells
Serum
Platelets
Leukocytes
Plasma
Plasma
Major cocmponents of the clotting mechanism of blood
Serum
Platelets
Leukocytes
Plasma
Platelets
Exsanguination
Death due to lack of oxygen
Process of blood loss sufficient to cause death
Twitching of body parts postmortem
Death due to excessive brain bleed
Blood loss sufficient to cause death
Weight of a substance relative to the weight of an equal volume of water
Terminal Velocity
Specific Gravity
Viscosity
Surface Tension
Specific Gravity
Four phases of a blood drop impacting a surface in order
Collapse
Displacement
Dispersion
Retraction
Characteristics for each blood pattern?
Size, shape, distribution, appearance, and location
When determining angle of impact choose stains that are what?
Less than 60 degrees
How is Cause of Death defined?
• A biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life
• The physical clarification for the events that produced death.
• The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.
• The disease or injury that initiates the lethal chain of events that lead to death
Disease or injury that initiates the lethal chain of events that lead to death
How is the Mechanism of Death defined?
• A biochemical or physiologic abnormality produced by the cause of death that is incompatible with life
• The disease or injury that initiated the lethal change of events.
• The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.
• The physical clarification for the events that produced death.
The fashion in which the cause of death came to be
How is the Manner of Death Defined?
• The disease or injury that initiated the lethal change of events.
• The fashion in which the cause of death came to be.
• The physiological abnormality produced by the cause of death.
• The physical clarification for the events that produced death.
The physical clarification for the events that produced death
What is the discoloration of a body that occurs from the settling of red blood cells after blood stops circulating? • Rigor mortis • Hema mortis • Livor mortis • Algor mortis
Livor mortis
What is the cooling off of the body that occurs after death called? • Rigor mortis • Malaise mortis • Liver mortis • Algor mortis
Algor Mortis
Stippling or tattooing is consistent with • contact gunshot wounds • intermediate – range gunshot wounds • distant gunshot wounds • exit wounds
Contact gunshot wounds
The nuclei of what cells are the source of DNA in blood? • Red blood cells • Plasma • White blood cells • Serum
White blood cells
What is it called when a person has the same number of copies at both loci? • Homozygous • Heterozygosity • Polymorphism • Monomorphism
Homozygous
What is it called when a person has a different number of copies at both loci? • Homozygous • Heterozygosity • Polymorphism • Monomorphism
Heterozygosity
What type of testing can unambiguously determine what a male has contributed to a mixed sample? • X-STR typing • XY-STR typing • Y-STR typing • Male typing
Y-STR typing
A variation of the fingerprint classification system used in the United States
and the United Kingdom was first developed by
• Sir William Herschel
• Henry Faulds
• Juan Vucetich
• Sir Edward Henry
Henry Faulds
The type of fingerprint pattern that has at least two deltas is a • Loop • Whorl • Plain arch • Tented arch
Whorl
Which of the following is not a type of print that could be encountered at a crime scene? • Latent • Cogent • Plastic • Patent
Cogent
The type of sweat gland found on the surface of the fingers, hands and feet are • Eccrine • Apocrine • Sebaceous • Merocrine
Eccrine
The most significant contributing factor resulting in an increase or decrease in the kinetic energy of a bullet is: • Bullet mass • Bullet Velocity • Barrel length • Barrel rifling
Bullet Velocity
The trigonometric equation for calculating angle of impact is: • arc sin(width÷length) • arc tan(width÷length) • arc sin(length÷width) • arc tan(length÷width)
arc sin (width/length)
Stress marks shaped like arches that are perpendicular to one glass surface and nearly parallel to the opposite surface is known as • Concentric Cracks • Radial Cracks • Conchoidal Lines • Hackle Mark
Concentric Cracks
A line on the crack surface running parallel to the local direction of crack spreading is known as a • Concentric Crack • Radial Crack • Conchoidal Line • Hackle Mark
Radial
Depth of field extends \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the front and \_\_\_\_\_\_ to the rear of the point of focus. • ¼ to the front and -¾ to the rear • ⅓ to the front and -⅔ to the rear • ½ to the front and -½ to the rear • 1 to the front and -1 to the rear
1/2 to the front and -2/3 to the rear
Which ISO value is the most sensitive to light? • ISO 100 • ISO 400 • ISO 800 • ISO 1600
ISO 1600
An aperture of f/8 allows twice as much light as f/16 to enter the camera.
• True
• False
True
Which value is one stop less light than provided by an aperture f/8? • f/2.0 • f/4.0 • f/11 • f/16
F/11
Which value allows three more stops of light into the camera than provided by an ISO 100 setting? • ISO 400 • ISO 800 • ISO 1200 • ISO 1600
ISO 800
Which shutter speed is five stops slower than 1/60th of a second? • ½ of a second • 1/20th of a second • 1/300th of a second • 1/600 of a second
1/2 of a second
A camera’s light meter attempts to find a/an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ gray value as a light balanced exposure? • 18% • 25% • 33% • 50%
18%
Which aperture allows the most light into the camera? • f/1.8 • f/5.6 • f/16 • f/32
f/1.8
Who developed the first SLR camera? • Carl Zeiss • Matthew Brady • Karl Nuechterlein • Ansel Adams
Karl Neuchterlein
Which lens attachment can provide a magnified image of a subject? • Extension tubes • Bellows unit • Diopters • All of the above
All of the above
Which lens attachment can provide a magnified image of a subject? • Extension tubes • Bellows unit • Diopters • All of the above
All of the above
What is the biggest issue with large apertures? • Failure of reciprocity. • Timed exposures are required. • A reduction in depth of field. • The requirement of flash photography.
A reduction in depth of field
What would be the best shutter speed for taking photographs in fluorescent light? • 1/30 of a second • 1/90 of a second • 1/250 of a second • Fastest flash-sync speed
1/30 of a second
What does the Kelvin scale measure? • Ambient temperature • Color temperature of light • Aperture size • Total exposure value
Color temperature of light
What is a main benefit of Flash Photography? • The light is white balanced. • The ease of operation in Manual mode. • Utilizing reciprocity. • Reflective metering.
The light is white balanced
What type of flash would you use to photograph an item that requires a close-up focus? • TTL flash • Built in flash • Ring flash • Fill flash
Ring flash
The method of roadmapping bloodstain pattern documentation was created by • Toby Wolson • Tom Bevel • Paul Kirk • Christine Ramirez
Toby Wolson
An essential component of bloodstain quadrant mapping is to assure that
• it is the first step after photography
• each quadrant is a two foot square
• each quadrant has 90 degree corners
• matching quadrants are created on all surfaces
Each quadrant has 90 degree corners
What color lens would increase the contrast of blood on blue jeans by making the blood appear darker in the image? • Yellow • Green • Red • Blue
Blue
What type of lighting is an effective way to photograph the head stamp on a cartridge case? • Infrared • Oblique • Ultraviolet • Reflective
Oblique
What type of filters may be used for laser trajectory photography during daytime conditions? • Orange barrier filter • ND filters • Infrared Filters • UV filters
ND Filters
What is the nanometer range of UV light in the electromagnetic light spectrum? • Greater than 700nm • Greater than 1000nm • Between 400nm and 700nm • Less than 400 nm
Less than 400 nm
What is the nanometer range of IR light in the electromagnetic light spectrum? • Greater than 700nm • Greater than 1000nm • Between 400nm and 700nm • Less than 400 nm
Greater than 700nm
What is the nanometer range that visible light is found in the electromagnetic light spectrum? • Greater than 700nm • Greater than 1000nm • Between 400nm and 700nm • Less than 400 nm
Between 400nm and 700nm
At what wavelength would you find blue light? • 390nm • 470nm • 532nm • 670nm
470nm
What color barrier filter would you typically choose for UV lighting? • Yellow • Orange • Red • Green
Yellow
What color barrier filter would you typically choose for blue lighting? • Yellow • Orange • Red • Green
Orange
What type of light is best for viewing obliterated writing on checks? • UV light. • IR light. • Incandescent light. • Green light.
IR Light
What is a major cause of a hot spot developing in the center of an image with reflected IR photography? • A shift in focus. • Large aperture. • Wide-angle lenses. • Slow shutter speed.
Large aperture
Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary glands that produce sweat? • Eccrine glands • Apocrine glands • Serine glands • Sebaceous glands
Serine glands
Ninhydrin reacts with • Salts • Lipids • Amino acids • Oil
Amino acids
Ruhemann’s purple is associated with the reaction of • 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) • Ninhydrin • 1,2-indanedione • 5-methylthioninhydrin
Ninhydrin
Ninhydrin decomposes at • 125 degrees • 135 degrees • 212 degrees • 241 degrees
241 degrees
8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) reacts with
• Salts
• Lipids
• Amino acids
Amino acids
,2-Indanedione may be observed with the proper filter at • 395nm • 450nm • 520nm • 610nm
520nm
2-Indanedione can enhance Ninhydrin developed prints?
• True
• False
True
The latent fingerprint process that was developed in the United Kingdom utilizing Silver is • Ninhydrin • Indanedione • Vacuum Metal Deposition • Cyanoacrylate Fuming
Vacuum metal deposition
A clear lens that is used to increase the magnification of a standard lens is known as • Curved field lens • Close-up lens • Reversing ring adaptor • Flexible bellows unit
Flexible bellows unit
A macro lens is classified as a flat field
lens.
• True
• False
True
What allows the lens to be turned so that the rear element of the lens faces toward the subject? • Curved field lens • Close-up lens • Reversing ring adaptor • Flexible bellows unit
Reversing ring adaptor
If a color is to be darkened with photography, it is best to use a filter that is • The opposite color • The same color • Violet • Yellow
The opposite color
Using a gel lift to recover a latent print will create a
print that will be
• In the proper orientation
• In a reverse position
• In a reverse position and an inverted color
• An inverted color
In a reverse position
