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BIOA201 > test > Flashcards

test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organic compounds of bone?

A

Collegen –> provides flexibility and resilience

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2
Q

What are the inorganic compounds of bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite mineral matrix –> gives structure and hardness

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3
Q

Give examples of flat bones

A

Scapula, ribs, cranial unit bones

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4
Q

Give examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae, sacrum

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5
Q

Name the vertebrae

A

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)

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6
Q

Name the ribs

A

True (7), false (3), floating (2)

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7
Q

What do true, false and floating ribs mean?

A

True –> direct cartilaginous connection (rib to sternum)

False –> Not directly connected to own piece of cartilage w/ sternum

Floating ribs –> do not articulate with the sternum

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8
Q

What are the bones of the hip bone?

A

Ilium (blade), Ischium (sitting bones, pubis

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9
Q

What does the scapula articulate with?

A

Humerus and clavicle

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10
Q

What does the clavicle articulate with?

A

Strut between scapula and sternum

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11
Q

What does the humerus articulate with?

A

scapula, radius, ulna

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12
Q

What does the radius articulate with?

A

humerus, ulna, 2 carpals (scaphoid, lunate)

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13
Q

What does the ulna articulate with?

A

humerus and radius

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14
Q

Name the hand bones

A

Carpals (8), metacarpals (5), phalanges (proximal –> 5, intermediate –> 4, –> distal 5)

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15
Q

What does the femur articulate with?

A

os coxae (hip), tibia, patella

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16
Q

what is the patella and what does it articulate with?

A

A sesamoid bone, sits in tendon of quadriceps femoris, articulates with femur

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17
Q

What does the tibia articulate with?

A

femur, fibula, talus

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18
Q

What does the fibula articulate with?

A

tibia, talus

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19
Q

What is the calcareous?

A

Heal of foot, supports talus

20
Q

What does the talus articulate with?

A

tibia, fibula, calcaneus, navicular

21
Q

Name the amounts of foot bones

A

metatarsals (5)

Phalanges –> proximal (5), intermediate (4), distal (5)

22
Q

What is bony congruence?

A

The sum of the bone surfaces forming an articulation

Reduced bony congruence = more soft tissue support needed.

23
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A
  • -> Made of DFCT
  • -> Ligaments
  • -> Provides stability, resists tension
    e. g. cranium, tooth sockets, distal tibiofibular joint
24
Q

What are cartilaginous joints?

A
  • -> Fibrocartilage
  • -> Hyaline cartilage
  • -> limited movement, resists compression
    e. g. intervertebral discs, ribs, pelvis
25
Q

What are synovial joints?

A
  • -> contain synovial membrane, fibrocartilage, DFCT, hyaline
  • -> Have a joint capsule (synovial membrane and fibrous capsule)
  • -> Have menisci, ligaments and articular cartilage
  • -> are very mobile, free movement
26
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A
  • -> Articular cartilgae

- -> aids smooth movement of joint, protects bone

27
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A
  • -> resists compression

- -> shock absorber

28
Q

What is DFCT?

A
  • -> dense fibrous connective tissue
  • -> ligaments, tendons
  • -> joins bone to bone + muscle to bone
29
Q

What is Osteoarthritis?

A
  • -> degenerative joint disease
  • -> increased prevalence among the elderly
  • -> Pain, stiffness in certain joints
  • -> Areas of smooth dense bone, pitting/porosity, ‘gouged’ apperance
  • -> location: activity
30
Q

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  • -> Autoimmune disease
  • -> symmetrical, bilateral joint stiffness and pain in hands, feet, hands
  • -> Can result in bone erosion, fusion and deformation
31
Q

What are muscle tissue functions?

A
  • Resirpation and blood circulation
  • Control of body openings and passages
  • Heat production
  • Glycemic control
  • Movement and stability
32
Q

What are tendons?

A
  • -> tough bands of DFCT
  • -> connect muscle to bone
  • -> withstand tension
  • -> differing shapes and lengths
33
Q

What is a entheses?

A

The connections between tendon/ligament and bone

34
Q

What are tendinous, indirect attachments

A
  • -> Can feel tendon
  • -> Collagen fibers of muscle continue into tendon
  • -> Very strong structural continuity
  • -> Great range of motion, more efficient as less fore needed for movement
  • -> less powerful
35
Q

What are fleshy, direct attachments

A
  • -> little seperation between muscle and bone
  • -> connection formed at microscopic level
  • -> often shorter, good for powerful or explosive movements
36
Q

Where are the origins or the deltoid muscle?

A
  • -> Anterolateral clavicle
  • -> Acromial process
  • -> Spine of scapula
37
Q

Where are the insertions of the deltoid?

A

–> Short broad tendon inserting into deltoid tuberosity of humerus

38
Q

What are the muscles in the rotator cuff group?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
    SITS
39
Q

What are the origins of the rotator cuff group?

A

Supraspinatus: supraspinous fossa

Infraspinatus: infraspinous fossa

Teres minor: posterolateral boarder

40
Q

What are the insertions of the rotator cuff group?

A

–> Greater tubercle of humerus

41
Q

What is the subscapularis and where does it originate and insert?

A
  • -> Part of the rotator cuff group
  • -> Origin: sub-scapular fossa of scapula
  • -> Insert: lesser tubercle of humerus
42
Q

Where does the biceps brachii originate?

A
  • -> Coracoid process

- -> Supra-glenoid tubercle of scapula

43
Q

Where does the biceps branchii insert?

A
  • Bicipital tuberosity of radius
44
Q

Where does triceps branchii originate?

A
  • Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

- Posterior surface of humerus

45
Q

Where does the triceps brachii insert?

A
  • Olecranon process of ulna

BIOA201 (2 decks)

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