Test 8, Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

The basic cause of all weather is the

A

sun

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2
Q

Scientists who study the weather are called

A

meteorologists

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3
Q

The imaginary line running through the earth from North Pole to South Pole is the

A

axis

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4
Q

The air that we live in receives most of its warmth from the

A

ground

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5
Q

Different seasons are caused by the ___ of the earth’s axis.

A

tilt

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6
Q

Winds are produced by ____ differences on the earth.

A

temperature

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7
Q

Warm air is ____ than cool air.

A

lighter

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8
Q

The earth’s surface spins at over ____ miles per hour.

A

1,000

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9
Q

You will label the following on a diagram of the earth & mark the 2 areas that have the most changeable weather.

A
polar easterlies 
prevailing westerlies *
northeast trade winds
southeast trade winds
prevailing westerlies *
polar easterlies
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10
Q

The amount of water vapor that the air can hold at a given temperature is the ____ of the air.

A

relative humidity

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11
Q

The lowest possible temperature at which air is able to hold all of its water vapor is its

A

dew point

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12
Q

the process in which water vapor leaves the air and changes into liquid water is called

A

condensation

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13
Q

Air is saturated when the humidity of the air is ___ percent.

A

100

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14
Q

Water vapor that condenses to form liquid water on the ground is called

A

dew

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15
Q

water vapor that condenses and forms frozen water on the ground is called

A

frost

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16
Q

An ice crystal in a cloud becomes too heavy, falls, melts, and lands on the earth as liquid water.

A

rain

17
Q

falling ice crystals melt slightly, stick, and freeze together into snowflakes

A

wet snow

18
Q

falling ice crystals melt into raindrops, then refreeze and land on earth as tiny pieces of ice.

A

sleet

19
Q

falling ice crystals melt, hit the earth as liquid rain, but refreeze as soon as they land

A

freezing rain

20
Q

a small piece of ice is tossed up and down inside a cloud, forming several layers of ice, until it is too heavy and falls to earth.

A

hail

21
Q

puffy, bulgy clouds belong the the ___ family

A

cumulus

22
Q

layers of flat clouds belong to the ___ family

A

stratus

23
Q

wispy, curly clouds very high in the atmosphere belong to the ___ family

A

cirrus

24
Q

sheets of clouds that often produce rain are___ clouds

A

stratus

25
Q

clouds made of very small ice crystals are ___ clouds

A

cirrus

26
Q

“thunderhead” is another name for a ___ cloud

A

cumulonimbus

27
Q

a term used to describe a cloud from which rain is falling is

A

nimbus

28
Q

the broad, flat top of a cumulonimbus cloud is called an ____ top.

A

anvil

29
Q

When opposite electrical charges build up in very tall clouds ___ is produced.

A

lightning

30
Q

The rapid expansion of superheated air causes shock waves that we hear as __

A

Thunder

31
Q

the type of storm that packs the most destructive power into the smallest space is the ____

A

tornado

32
Q

the calm region of very low air pressure in the center of a tornado is called the ___

A

eye

33
Q

If a tornado has been spotted, meteorologists issue a tornado ___

A

warning

34
Q

The thin channed of charged air through which a lightning bolt can travel is the ____

A

step leader

35
Q

Lightning bolts that do not come in contact with the ground but remain within the cloud are known as ____ lightning.

A

sheet

36
Q

The row of thunderheads that builds up in the front of advancing cold air is called a ___ line

A

squall

37
Q

The boundary between two air masses is called a

A

front

38
Q

List 7 precautions you should take during a thunderstorm.

A
  1. stay indoors
  2. a car is a safe place to be
  3. if you are outside, avoid being the tallest object
  4. stay away from high ground or open, flat areas
  5. stay away from tall objects such as trees
  6. avoid being in or near water
  7. do not use the telephone or electrical appliances
39
Q

In Pensacola, FL, the temperature is 75 F and the relative humidity is 100%. In Albany, NY, the temperature is 40 F and the relative humidity is 100%. Is the amount of water vapor in the air over Pensacola and the air over Albany the same? Why or why not?

A

The air over Pensacola contains more water vapor than the air over Albany. The warmer the air is, the more water vapor it can hold. The relative humidity is the same in each city because the air is holding the most water vapor it can hold at that temperature.