Test

Question 1

2 genes are on different chromosomes

Ex. Seed color and seed texture genes of a pea plant

Answer 1

The genes segregate independently of one another

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 2

Genes that reside on the same chromosome and this cannot segregate independently

Answer 2

Linked genes or linkage groups

Question 3

Genes that are linked are usually…?

Answer 3

Inherited together

Ex. Blond hair + Blue eyes

Question 4

Homologous chromosomes can exchange corresponding segments during…?

Answer 4

Propose 1 of meiosis

crossing over

Question 5

Further apart on the same chromosome genes are the most likely they are to separate

Answer 5

Recombination

Question 6

Crossing over results in?

Answer 6

Genetic recombination

Question 7

Progeny resulting from crossing over appear in repeatable proportions

Answer 7

Recombinant Frequency

Question 8

Recombinant frequencies for many pairs of linked genes can be used to create..?
Shows arrangement of genes along the chromosome

Answer 8

Genetic Map

Question 9

To measure distances between genes, scientists use?

Answer 9

Map units

Question 10

One map unit corresponds to?

Answer 10

A recombination frequency of 0.01

Referred to as a centimorgan (cM)

Question 11

Greater the distance between 2 genes on a chromosome

Answer 11

The more places between the genes that the chromosome can break
More likely the 2 genes will cross over during synapsis

Question 12

Recombination frequencies are used to give a?

Answer 12

Picture of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome

Question 13

A chromosome map created in this fashion
Portrayal of the sequence of genes on a chromosome
| | |
| | |

Answer 13

Linkage map

Question 14

In the normal process of meiosis, chromosomes pair at the metaphase plate and..?

Answer 14

Subsequently separate and migrate to opposite poles

Question 15

When non disjunction occurs, the chromosomes do not properly separate. Instead..?

Answer 15

Both members of one homologous chromosome pair migrate to same pole

Question 16

As a result of non disjunction..?

Answer 16

Half the gametes will have an extra chromosome and half will be missing a chromosome

Question 17

Single, unpaired chromosome

Answer 17

Monosomy

Question 18

Having 3 chromosomes

Answer 18

Trisomy

Question 19

Gametes with missing or with extra chromosomes are usually?

Answer 19

Sterile

Question 20

Sometimes chromosome imbalances are?

These almost always lead to..?

Answer 20

Fertile

Genetic defects

Question 21

Most chromosome abnormalities are..?

Answer 21

Lethal and cause spontaneous abortion of the embryo

Question 22

What occurs when hen an egg or sperm with an extra chromosome 21 chromosomes fuses with a normal gamete?

Answer 22

Down Syndrome

Question 23

Down syndrome results in a zygote with?

Answer 23

3 copies of chromosome 21

Trisomy 21

Question 24

Down Syndrome individuals bear various abnormalities such as…?

Answer 24

Mental retardation, heart defects, respiratory problems, and deformities in external features

Question 25

Results when there is non disjunction of the sex chromosomes

Answer 25

Turner Syndrome

Question 26

Individuals with Turner Syndrome are…?

Answer 26

Physically and sterile

Question 27

Genetic defects can be caused by…?

Answer 27

Inheritance of an allele (Such as in hemophilia)

Or caused by chromosomal abnormalities

Question 28

Chromosomal abnormalities result when the inherited genome is missing a chromosome or has an extra chromosome or when one or more chromosomes have portions…?

Answer 28

Deleted (Deletion)
Duplicated (Duplication)
Move to another chromosome (Translocation)
Rearranged in reverse orientation on the same chromosome (Inversion)

Question 29

Autosomal Recessive
Inability to properly break down the amino acid phenylalanine
Causes mental retardation

Answer 29

Phenylkentonuria (PKU)

Question 30

Autosomal Recessive
Abnormal hemoglobin
Red blood cells are unable to effectively transport oxygen throughout the body

Answer 30

Sickle-cell anemia

Question 31

Autosomal Recessive
Inability to properly break down certain lipids
Accumulation of the lipids in brain cells causes progressive nervous system dysfunction and is usually fatal by age 4

Answer 31

Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 32

Autosomal Dominant
Expression begins in middle age
Mild mental illness and loss of motor control
Total physical and mental incapability

Answer 32

Huntington’s Disease

Question 33

Sex-linked Recessive

Inability to code for a clotting factor required to form normal blood clots

Answer 33

Hemophilia

Question 34

Sex-linked Recessive

Inability to distinguish red from green

Answer 34

Red-Green Color Blindness

Question 35

Sex-linked Dominant
Absence of an essential muscle protein
Dystrophy deteriorating muscles and loss of coordinantion

Answer 35

Duchenne’s Muscular

Question 36

Nondisjunction of chromosome 21
Trisomy 21
Physical abnormalities
Mental retardation

Answer 36

Down Syndrome

Question 37

Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
XO and female
Union of a gamete missing the sex chromosome with a normal egg or sperm bearing an X chromosome

Answer 37

Turner Syndrome

Question 38

Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes
XXY and male
Union of XX gamete and normal Y gamete
Sterile and often mentally retarded

Answer 38

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 39

Deletion in chromosome 5

Physical and mental retardation and catlike cry

Answer 39

Cri Du Chat Syndrome

Question 40

Non-Nuclear Inheritance

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and other plastids possess?

Answer 40

Small amount of DNA

Question 41

Non-Nuclear Inheritance

Some of these gametes are important for?

Answer 41

Organelle assembly and function

Question 42

Non-Nuclear Inheritance

A cell is highly_____for organelle genes

Answer 42

Polyploid

Question 43

Organelle genes tend to mutate at a ____rate

Answer 43

Faster