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MCAT Practice Test 7 > Test 7 Corrections > Flashcards

Test 7 Corrections Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Equation: Potential energy of Oscillatory motion

A

P.E. = 1/2 * k * x^2

Note: x = displacement

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2
Q

Potential energy (in oscillatory motion) increases exponentially with _____

A

displacement

P.E. is at its max at the greatest displacement, i.e. furthest point in oscillatory motion

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3
Q

What changes in Energy occurs as particles move from furthest point in oscillatory motion to the midpoint?

A

Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy (as particles swing through from one end of motion to the other)

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4
Q

What predominant forces act between SiCl3H molecules? (Boiling point = 33ºC)

A

Van der Waals forces; Weak intermolecular attractive forces; Relatively low boiling point indicates that intermolecular forces are weak (so not Covalent, Ionic, or H-bonding)

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5
Q

A gas that occupies 10 liters at 1 atm at 25ºC will occupy what volume at 500 atm at the same temp?

A

> 0.02 L because of the space occupied by the gas molecules (volume of gas molecules no longer negligible at 500 atm)

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6
Q

When a light wave and a sound wave pass from air to glass, what changes occur in their speeds?

A

Light slows down; Sound speeds up
Light slows down because the index of refraction of the glass is greater than through the air.
Sound travels faster through a solid than through air.

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7
Q

The index of refraction in glass is _________ than that in the air. This causes light waves to ______.

A

greater

slow down

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8
Q

ratio of the velocity of a wave in air to the velocity of a wave through a medium

A

index of refraction

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9
Q

The speed of sound through a solid is _______ than through air due to the rigid bonds in a solid versus gaseous bonds in air.

A

greater

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10
Q

Molarity of pure acetone if MM = 58 g/mol and density = 0.791 g/mL?

A

13.6 M

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11
Q

395 nm light is in the visible spectrum but is very near the ______ region.

A

ultraviolet

Visible light ranges from ~400 nm to 700 nm. The region below 400 nm is the ultraviolet region

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12
Q

Region of electromagnetic spectrum that is below 400 nm wavelength

A

ultraviolet region

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13
Q

Region of electromagnetic spectrum that is above 700 nm wavelength

A

infrared region

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14
Q

Equation: Power in an electrical circuit

A

P = I * V

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15
Q

If a cell phone is powered by a 12-V battery and is transmitting at its max power (3 Watts), what current is being used?

A 
I = P / V
I = 3 Watts / 12 Volts
I = 1/3 Amps
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16
Q

Electromagnetic waves are _______ waves, while sound waves are ______.

A

electromagnetic: transverse waves

sound waves: longitudinal

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17
Q

If the rate law for a reaction that is second order w/ respect to a hydrogen ion and is 1*10^-1 at pH of 1, what is the hydrogen ion concentration at pH = 2? If all other conditions remained the same, what happens to the overall reaction rate?

A

1 * 10^-2 = hydrogen ion concentration

it decreases 1 * 10^-2 times

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18
Q

Cant the relative rates of reactions be given by equilibrium constants?

A

No. Kinetic information must be given in order to determine the RATE of reaction
Rate of reaction and reaction equilibrium are independent

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19
Q

Equation: Density

A

Density (rho) = mass / volume

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20
Q

Equation: Dividing by a decimal

A

Multiply the numerator by the inverse fraction of the decimal in the denomenator
Ex: 1.5 / 0.5 = 1.5 / (1/2) = 1.5 * (2/1) = 3.0

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21
Q

Equation: Index of Refraction

A

Snell’s law: n1 * sin(ø1) = n2 * sin(ø2)

Note: “n1” and “n2” = indices of refraction

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22
Q

What is the index of refraction in air?`

A

~ 1

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23
Q

Equation: Velocity of a wave

A

v = wavelength / period (T)

Note: SI unit for Period = seconds

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24
Q

If an earthquake moved from South to North as it progressed toward its full 74-km length, how would the Doppler effect influence this?

A

By decreasing apparent wavelength of seismic waves moving North and increasing the apparent wavelength of seismic waves moving southward

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25
Q

To find the relative refractive index to air, you need both the _________ and the _________.

A

angle of incidence

angle of refraction

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26
Q

the angle of incidence is equal to the __________.

A

Angle of reflection

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27
Q

Equation: Index of Refraction

A

n = c / v

Note: c = speed of light in a vacuum = 3*10^8

28
Q

A Faraday (F) is _______ of electric charge

A

one mole

29
Q

When a weak acid (HA) is titrated with NaOH in the presence of an indicator (HIn), the pH at which a color change is observed depends on the….

A

pKa of the indicator
Indicators change color over a specific pH range. The range at which the color changes depends on the point where the indicator (HIn) is converted into (In-), which is determined by the pKa.

30
Q

reactions between an aldehyde or ketone w/ a triphenyl phosphonium ylide to form an alkene and triphenylphosphine oxide

A

Wittig reaction

Note: triphenyl phosphonium ylide = Wittig reagent

31
Q

type of chemical reagent that forms C–C bonds
Mixture of ionic and covalent lewis structures
first source of carbanions (Ex: CH3-)
sources of a carbanion that can attack the positive end (C) in a carbonyl to form C–C bonds in aldehydes and ketones
Can react w/ CO2 to form carboxylic acid
Ex: CH3MgBr

A

Grignard reagents

32
Q

Equation: number of stereoisomers for an organic compound

A

2 ^ n

Note: n = number of stereocenters

33
Q

Hydrogens on ______ carbons are most acidic and most likely to get abstracted

A

alpha carbons

34
Q

Assume that a Hydrogen will be abstracted from the carbon at which ______ occurs

A

alkylation

35
Q

a hydrogen bonded to a carbon that is bonded to the highest priority functional group
most reactive hydrogen in the molecule (most likely to be abstracted)

A

alpha carbon

36
Q

transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another via alkyl carbocation, free radical, or carbanion

A

alkylation

37
Q

a saturated hydrocarbon

Ex: CH4

A

alkane

38
Q

an alkane missing one hydrogen
one of the most common functional groups in orgo
Ex: R–CH3

A

alkyl

39
Q

value that measures the separation of components in thin-layer chromatography
= distance traveled by the sample / distance traveled by the solvent

A

Rf value

40
Q

a less polar molecule will have a _______ Rf value because it will travel further during TLC (using a polar stationary phase i.e. silica)

A

greater

41
Q

a more polar molecule will have a _______ Rf value because it will travel a shorter distance during TLC (using a polar stationary phase)

A

smaller

42
Q

is a hydroxyl group more or less polar than a ketone on a cyclohexane?

A

more polar

43
Q

More _______ molecules will interact more with the polar silica gel during thin layer chromatography and, therefore, travel shorter distances

A

polar

44
Q

What is the product of a reaction b/w an alcohol and concentrated HCl?

A

alkyl halide

45
Q

______ alcohols react more readily with concentrated HCl.

A

tertiary alcohols react more readily

Note: Form tert-Butyl chloride

46
Q

Methyl chloride is (more / less) reactive than ter-butyl chloride?

A

less reactive

Note: primary alcohols are less reactive than tertiary alcohols

47
Q

Preparation of a Grignard reagent involves stirring what reagent into diethyl ether?

A

CH3Br and Mg

48
Q

Grignard reagent

A

CH3MgBr

Note: formed by stirring CH3Br and Mg into diethyl ether

49
Q

reaction in which starting materials form the same product every time
a reaction in which there is something inherent in the mechanism that allows only one product
means “all”
Ex: SN2 reactions will produce the enantiomer to the starting material every time (stereochemistry will be inverted at the chiral center where SN2 occurs)

A

regiospecific

50
Q

reaction where starting materials form two (or more) structural isomers and one predominates
a reaction which implies that there are factors that favor one product over the others
means “mostly” or “almost all”

A

regioselective

51
Q

why does the human immune system avoids attacking the tissues of its own body?

A

it suppresses cells specific to the body’s own antigens

52
Q

surface molecules on cells in the body that would generate an immune response

A

antigens

53
Q

disease-causing molecules in the body

A

pathogens

54
Q

the products of fatty acid oxidation ______ skin blood flow

A

reduce

55
Q

veins and the pulmonary artery carry ________ blood to the heart

A

deoxygenated blood

56
Q

Is blood pressure lower in the veins or in the arteries?

A

veins; they carry deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body back to the heart.

57
Q

Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and other carboxylic acid esters. This illustrates the fact that some enzymes work with several different substrate molecules with _____________.

A

Similar chemical linkages

58
Q

T/F: One enzyme can interact with more than one type of substrate.

A

True, if they have similar chemical linkages

59
Q

If two genes are codominant, and the mother has only the recessive genes, then the father must have ___________ to produce offspring that show a mixture of both traits.

A

either both of the other dominant trait or be heterozygous with a copy of both genes

60
Q

An infection that causes increased proliferation of mucosa cells in the stomach may lead to gastric cancer if genetic mutations occur in _________.

A

Proliferating somatic cells (that line the stomach)

61
Q

T/F: A mutation must occur in a proliferating germ cell to cause cancer.

A

False. Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth in somatic cells.

62
Q

Why might host antibodies be ineffective against a bacterial antigen in the stomach?

A

Antibody proteins may be degraded by the harsh environment of the stomach
Proteins denature at low pH

63
Q

Expression of a gene that triggers inflammation would cause what immune response in the body?

A

Leukocytes would move into the tissue in response to the inflammatory response

64
Q

A gene therapy for cancer in the stomach should be directed against what type of cells?

A

Epithelial cells that cause the infection that may lead to cancer before they begin uncontrolled cell growth and give rise to tumors

65
Q

In humans, cholesterol is a precursor to _______ and are both steroid-based molecules.

A

testosterone

66
Q

roughly how long is the S-phase in mitotically active cell?

A

3 to 13 hours

MCAT Practice Test 7 (1 decks)

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