Test

Question 1

Endospore normally repels stains used to visualize bacteria. What does that imply about the structure regarding its sensitivity to other harsh chemicals, like antibiotics and disinfectants?

Answer 1

• Its hard to kill
  
  • It is has a strong ability to repel antibiotics and disinfectants

Question 2

What is malachite green used for?

How is it forced into an endospore?

Answer 2

What is malachite green used for?

• Endospore staining

How is forced into an endospore?

• Heat, we used the heat from steam

Question 3

What genera produce endospores?

Answer 3

Clostridium

Bacillus

Question 4

What conditions result in the formation of endospores?

Answer 4

• Nutrient-poor environments

Question 5

When viewing cells via a simple stain or a Gram stain, what other structures might be confused with endospores ? Give at least two examples.

Answer 5

• Granules
• Gas Vesicles

Question 6

What is the purpose of negative staining?

Answer 6

• See capsules around a bacteria by staining background of cells and not cells or capsules themselves
• Capsules stay intact
• No heat fixation needed

Question 7

How are dyes with negative charges related to the predominant charges on the surface of cells?

Answer 7

• Surface of cells -> (-) charged
• Dye and Cells and are repelled electrostatically, so the dye stains the background

Question 8

Why is sodium thioglycollate or cysteine needed for the survival of certain prokaryotes?

Answer 8

They reduce O2 to H2O, and anaerobes cannot handle the presence of O2

Question 9

What are two enzymes that enable prokaryotes to “handle” oxygen?

Answer 9

• Superoxide dismutase
• catalase