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Bio 102 Cell Division, Genetics, and Reproduction > TEST > Flashcards

TEST Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fertilized egg, the result of a sperm and egg cell nucleus combining

A

Zygote

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2
Q

The many celled ball that results after an ovum is fertilized

A

Blastula

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3
Q

of cell divisions in Mitosis

A

1

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4
Q

of cell divisions in Meiosis

A

2

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5
Q

of daughter cells in Mitosis

A

2

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6
Q

of daughter cells in Meiosis

A

4

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7
Q

Chromosome # in Mitosis

A

2n

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8
Q

Chromosome # in Meiosis

A

1n

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9
Q

Sperm cell and egg cell nucleus fuse forming a zygote

A

Fertilization

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10
Q

the zygote begins to divide forming a many-celled ball called a blastula. Each cell in the blastrula is identical at this point, and is called a blastomere

A

Cleavage

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11
Q

Each blastomere transforms into one of three germ layers, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

A

Gastriculation

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12
Q

The neural folds forms, closes, and becomes the neural tube, a precursor of the brain and spinal cord. If the tube does not close completely, a condition called spinal bifida results.

A

Neurlation

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13
Q

formation and function of the organs

A

Organogenesis

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14
Q

all organs become larger

A

Growth

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15
Q

the reproductive organs produce functional gametes - egg and sperm.

A

Gametogenesis

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16
Q

A segment on a chromosome, which codes for 1 trait.

A

Gene

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17
Q

The passing of genetic information from parent to offspring.

A

Heredity

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18
Q

requires only 1 allele for the trait to be expressed.

A

Dominant Trait

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19
Q

Requires 2 alleles for the trait to be expressed.

A

Recessive Trait

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20
Q

the actual alleles present in an individual

A

Genotype

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21
Q

What you see in the individual EXAMPLE: Brown hair

A

Phenotype

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22
Q

a version of a gene

A

Allele

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23
Q

Generally 3 phenotypes are seen for the trait

A

Incomplete Dominance

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24
Q

the allele or trait is carried on the X chromsome, and is seem more frequently in males than females

A

Sex linked

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25
Q

chromosomes exchange portions of themselves, and increase genetic variability

A

Crossing Over

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26
Q

Inactive X chromosomes found only in females

A

Barr Bodies

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27
Q

Produces a nutrient fluid rich in frutose. Acts as a pH buffer, and contains prostaglandin to increase vaginal and uterine muscle contractions to help move the sperm up the female reproductive tract.

A

Seminal Vesicle

28
Q

Produces a mucus like lubricating substance. Located at base of penis

A

Cowper’s Gland

29
Q

Secretes a milky alkaline (basic) fluid and adjusts pH of semen to pH7.5

A

Prostate Gland

30
Q

Contains spermatogenic cells in tubule wall- produce sperm.
Supporting, Sertoli, or Nurse cells- nourish and support developing sperm
Interstitial cells- in connective tissue around tubule, produce testosterone

A

Seminiferous tubules

31
Q

collecting duct for maturing sperm

A

Epididymis

32
Q

Muscular tube which moves sperm from the epididymis to the base of the penis. It ends at the seminal vesicle

A

Vas Deferens

33
Q

the fluid from all of the glands, plus sperm

A

Semen

34
Q

composed of follicular cells plus an ovum. Follicular cells turn into corpus leutem after the 14th day of the cycle and produce estrogen.

A

Follicle

35
Q

In the female. Produces a mucus like lubricating substance.

A

Bartholin’s Gland

36
Q

A cell that will develope into a mature egg or ovum

A

Oocyte

37
Q

composed of follicles. Produces one ovum per month, and estrogen.

A

Ovary

38
Q

the lining of the uterus

A

Endometrium

39
Q

A hallow muscular tube that acts as the birth canal, and used for copulation

A

Vagina

40
Q

a hollow muscular tube that nourished an embryo in pregnancy

A

Uterus

41
Q

Muscular ring at the bottom of the vagina. Produces thick muces near the time of ovulation. Produces very thick mucus in pregnacy to help prevent sperm from entering the reproductive tract.

A

Cervix

42
Q

caused by Herpes Simplex type 2. causes painful blisters and sores on the genital region. Can cause cervical cancer in women. Treatments such as Valtrex may reduce severity and frequency of outbreaks, but there is no cure. Once you have it, you have it forever.

A

Genital Herpes

43
Q

caused by bacteria, treatable with antibiotice. causes painful urination in males, proctitis is homosexual males, and PID or pelvic inflamatory disease in females, which can cause sterility

A

Gonorrhea

44
Q

caused by a tiny parasitic bacterium. Can cause sexual, eye, joint, and lung infections in new borns.

A

Chlamydia

45
Q

caused by a bacterium. Occurs in 3 distinct stages. 1. Chancre, 2. Body rash, 3. Nervous system, brain, and artery damage.

A

Syphilis

46
Q

caused by the papiloma virus. Cause wart like growth on the genital area. Treated by removal, but they grow back.

A

Genital Warts

47
Q

consists of G1,S, G2

A

Interphase

48
Q

normal growth of the cell

A

Gap phase 1

49
Q

DNA is replicated or copied if the cell is large enough and has enough cell organelles

A

S- Synthesis

50
Q

A protein necessary for cell division is made

A

Gap phase 2

51
Q

movement of chromosomes

A

Mitosis

52
Q

the chromatin condenses into highly coiled, turned off chromosomes

A

Prophase

53
Q

Chromosomes at the equator or metaphase plate

A

Metaphase

54
Q

Centromere splits and each sister chromatid moves to opposite ends or poles of the cell

A

Anaphase

55
Q

chromatids are at the poles of the cells. the nuclear envelope reforms around them, and cytokinesis or division of the cytoplasm begins.

A

Telophase

56
Q

XXY- sterile male with some breast deveolopment

A

Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

57
Q

3 copies of chromosomes # 21 Mental retardation

A

Down syndrome

58
Q

faulty chloride ion channel. Mucus builds up in lungs, pancreas, and intestines. DNAse is a treatment, no cure.

A

Cystic Fibrosis

59
Q

these individuals can not eat phenylalanine, one of the amino acids, and must not eat foods with NutraSweet.

A

PKU

60
Q

Xo

A

Turner’s Syndrome

61
Q

A female hormone, which causes the uterine lining to thicken in anticipation of pregnancy

A

Estrogen

62
Q

maintains the uterine lining if pregnancy occurs

A

Progesterone

63
Q

causes the follicle to develop and mature.

A

follicle- stimulating hormone FSH

64
Q

causes the ocyte to complete it’s 1st meiotic divsion in preparation of ovulation

A

leuteninizing hormone LH

65
Q

After ovulation, the follicle cells are converted into corpus luteum, which produces estrogen on about the 21st. day of the menses cycle.

A

Corpus Luteum

Bio 102 Cell Division, Genetics, and Reproduction (1 decks)

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