Test Flashcards
The phrase “black belt” refers to this in the South.
fertile soil of Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi
In 1850, what percentage of all slaves was engaged in cotton growing?
55 percent
One of the most noteworthy features of the slave community in the American South was ____________.
the expanded kinship network that developed within it
Denmark Vesey was to South Carolina as Nat Turner was to _____________
Virginia
The first slave rebel to actually kill a large number of white people was ____________
Nat Turner
One of the most common violations of the southern paternalistic code of behavior was _____________.
sexual abuse of female slaves by their masters
In the first half of the nineteenth century, the American economy benefitted greatly from___________.
the connection between southern slavery and northern slavery
George Fitzhugh defended slavery on the grounds that __________.
slaves were better off than northern “wage slaves”
Southern apologists for slavery linked slave uprisings to ___________.
northern antislavery opinion
In 1850, the majority of slaves were engaged in _________ cultivation .
cotton
What did the British dub “the American system of manufacturers?”
interchangeable parts
Many of the first strikes in American labor history were led by ____________.
women workers
What was the simplest and quickest way for America to industrialize in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
copy British technology
Why was the National Road unsatisfactory to farmers in a commercial sense?
Shipments of bulky goods like grain were too slow and expensive by road.
Migrants of _________ origin accounted for at least 40 percent of the population of the Yankee West.
New England.
The religion that captured the attention of the new middle class in the early 1800s incorporated an __________.
enthusiastic evangelistic approach to religious practice.
In both rural and urban settings, working families were ___________
organized along strictly patriarchal lines
What city benefitted the most from the opening of the Erie Canal?
New York
As an early 1800s Cincinnati merchant, you were most likely yo be financing ___________.
steamboat construction
For what group was the putting-out system the most beneficial?
farm families
After Mexico became independent from Spain it relied exclusionary policies in ____________
Santa Fe and Texas that had been put in place by the Spanish government
Claiming the Rio Grande rather Than the Nueces River as the boundary of Texas gave the United States a claim to ______________
New Mexico and parts of Colorado
To whom was John O’Sullivan referring to when he spoke of bringing democracy to “backwards people”?
Indians and Mexicans
Like other California immigrants, most of the Chinese _____________
intended to return home as soon as they made money
In 1846, Congressman David Wilmot, a Pennsylvania Democrat, proposed that slavery be _____________
banned from any territory acquired from Mexico
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was financed by ________
the federal government
As commander-in-chief during the war, James K. Polk defined the role of president by coordinating both ____________
civilian and military goals and needs
During the Mexican-American war, northern Whigs began to characterize the war as a(n) _________
southern conspiracy to expand slavery
The controversy over the borders of Oregon was resolves by ______________
a treaty extending the previous boundary line
Prior to the 1830s, the dominant industry in the Oregon Territory was ___________
the fur trade
In the election of 1852, both parties _____________
struggled to choose candidates
South Carolina seceded from the Union in response to ___________
the election of Abraham Lincoln
While the South was shocked by Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry, it was even more shocked by _______________
widespread northern mourning for Brown’s death.
Much of the nation responded to the passage of the Compromise of 1850 with ____________
jubilation and relief
In opposing the Lecompton constitution, Douglas was consistent with his principle of ____________
popular sovereignty
Southern political strategies of the 1850s, depended on ____________
maintaining supremacy in the U.S. Senate
The Dred Scott decision held that ____________
blacks, whether slave or free, were not citizens and could not sue in a court of law.
The election of 1848 was a warning that ____________
political parties no longer represented a national political community.
The only part of the Compromise of 1850 strongly supported by the South was ___________.
the enactment of a Fugitive Slave Law
When Kansas applied for statehood, President James Buchanan endorsed _____________
the pro-slavery constitution.
After the election of 1852, ____________
the Whigs never again fielded a national presidential candidate
The election of 1856 was __________
two separate contests for the North and South.
The Lincoln-Douglas debates occurred because Lincoln ran against Douglas for _______________
U.S. senator from Illinois
The Republican strategy in 1860 was to ____________
focus entirely on the free states.
The vast new territories gained in the Mexican-American War ____________
provoked a new debate over the issue of slavery in the territories
McClellan’s 1862, 1862 Peninsular campaign failed largely because __________
McClellan avoided battle in hopes of forcing a Confederate surrender
“Government girls” referred to women who were ___________
workers in the Confederate bureaucracy
The Battle of Glorieta Pass was significant for preventing Confederate control of _____________
the Trans-Mississippi West
The population of which of these states was deeply divided over support for the Union?
Maryland
The Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts protested the discrimination and unequal pay in the army by ____________
refusing pay until they were treated equally
The notorious Copperhead exiled to the South by Lincoln was __________-
Clement Vallandigham
Lincoln kept Maryland in the Union with ____________
military force and the arrests of pro-Confederate officials
During the war, Lincoln played a role most similar to this earlier presidents’.
Polk
Sherman’s march to Savannah was primarily designed to ___________
cut off Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama from the rest of the Confederacy
The Homestead Act gave _______________
160 acres of public land to any citizen who would improve it .
During the Civil War, what problem did people on the home front face in both the North and the South?
inflation
As the war dragged on, many in both the North and the South began to see it as ____________
“a rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”
Lincoln’s main diplomatic aim was to keep __________
England and France from supporting the Confederacy
The Confederate draft law exempted ___________
owners of twenty or more slaves
The second Confederate draft was controversial because _____________
it included blacks.
The Radical Republicans intended the Tenure of Office Act to limit the powers of __________
President Johnson
Andrew Johnson was the only ____________
Confederate state Senator to remain loyal to the Union
By the late 1860s, the dominant form of agricultural labor for black Southerners was as ____________
sharecroppers
In the aftermath of emancipation, many African American women wanted to______________
spend more time caring for their children
The First Reconstruction Act divided the South into five ____________
military districts
Rather than “reconstruction,” Andrew Johnson referred to his plan as a ____________ of the Union.
restoration.
Tougaloo, Hampton, and Fisk are examples of _____________
black teaching colleges founded after the Civil War.
Grant was nominated by the Republicans in 1868 because of his ____________
popularity as a war hero.
What was the consuming passion of most white Southerners during the Reconstruction years?
the reestablishment of the racial hierarchy
Which of these was true of the South in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War?
Much of the best agricultural land had been laid waste.
White soldiers who remained in the South after the war were derisively called __________
carpetbaggers
At the time of the First Reconstruction Act, which of these states had a black electoral majority?
South Carolina
When Democrats regained control of Southern states after 1869, they considered these states to have been _________
redeemed
Fearful that their 1866 Civil Rights Act might be declared unconstitutional, the Radical Republicans gained ____________
passage of the Fourteenth Amendment
The premise behind Thaddeus Stevens’s view of Reconstruction was that the South should be ___________.
populated with black and white yeoman.
