Test #6 // Homework

Question 1

Give a brief explanation of Plessy vs. Ferguson.

Answer 1

In Louisiana, Homer Plessy attempted to sit in a section of a train marked “ for whites only”.

Question 2

Louisiana had a segregation law that required ______ accommodations based on race.

Answer 2

Equal but Separate

Question 3

What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case?

Answer 3

Upheld the Louisiana law as constitutional

Question 4

What is the “equal protection” clause?

Answer 4

Permitted a state to require separate facilities for African Americans as long as the facilities were equal to the ones available to whites (14th amendment)

Question 5

How long did the Plessy decision last?

Answer 5

Half century

Question 6

What ease changed the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision?

Answer 6

WW2, Civil Rights Group

Question 7

Why was it easier for the country to change ideas about segregation?

Answer 7

Hard to segregate children and all the social groups showed how wrong segregation was for the children not getting an education.

Question 8

_____ are the powers that both the national government and the state’s share.

Answer 8

Concurrent powers

Question 9

Give three reasons why a president may send federal troops to a state without the approval of local authorities.

Answer 9

National laws violated, federal property is threatened or federal responsibilities are interfered with.

Question 10

How did the president Eisenhower and Kennedy use the “protection power” as stated in number 2.

Answer 10

Stop state officials from blocking the integration of southern schools and universities.

Question 11

The Arkansas National Guard prevented student _____ from attending Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Answer 11

Elizabeth Ann Eckford

Question 12

The constitution only mentions citizenship in the context of ______.

Answer 12

A qualification for holding national office.

Question 13

What is naturalization?

Answer 13

The legal process by which someone who was not born in the United States is granted citizenship.

Question 14

Briefly describe the Dred Scott case.

Answer 14

Dred Scott was an enslaved African American in a slave state. Scott had also lived in a state where states were not allowed.

Question 15

What was the ruling in the Dred Scott case?

Answer 15

Court ruled that Scott could not sue, he was not a US citizen cause he was black.

Question 16

What did the 14th amendment establish in the area of citizenship?

Answer 16

Established people of all races were US citizens and that state citizenship was an automatic result of national citizenship.

Question 17

Define: jus soli.

Answer 17

Most common basis for citizenship, focuses on where a person was born ( means “law of the soil.”)

Question 18

What is jus sanguinis?

Answer 18

“Law of blood” ; The principle that grants citizenship on the basis of the citizenship of one’s parents.

Question 19

The citizenship and immigration service is part of the bureau of __________.

Answer 19

Department of Homeland Security

Question 20

What two groups are usually denied citizenship?

Answer 20

Draft evaders and military deserters

Question 21

What is collective naturalization?

Answer 21

A process under which an entire group of people become citizens by a treaty or by an Act of Congress.

Question 22

What was Jefferson’s example of collective naturalization?

Answer 22

When he signed a treaty with France to acquire the nearly 1 million square miles that made up the Louisiana purchase. All of the people living in this territory were collectively naturalized.

Question 23

Define expatriation.

Answer 23

A person give up his or her citizenship by the act of leaving the United States and becoming a citizen of another country.

Question 24

Why did Brian Reid sue google?

Answer 24

Age discrimination , was let go because of “cultural fit”.

Question 25

Which amendment guarantees a state and local government can not deny a person equal protection under the law?

Answer 25

14th amendment

Question 26

List the three types of guidelines that Supreme Court has devised to try cases dealing with discrimination.

Answer 26

Rational basis test, suspect classification test and fundamental rights test

Question 27

What was the issue in the Wisconsin vs. Mitcheli case?

Answer 27

Supreme Court upheld a state law that imposed longer prison sentences on people who commit hate crimes, crimes motivated by prejudice.

Question 28

_______ is a classification made on the basis of race or national origin.

Answer 28

Suspect Classification

Question 29

Give an example of the suspect classification.

Answer 29

A law requiring African Americans to ride in the back of the bus.

Question 30

A _________ is a basic right of the American System or one that is indispensable in a just system.

Answer 30

Fundamental right

Question 31

What kind of non violent protest did the students of North Carolina A&T participate in?

Answer 31

A sit in at a lunch counter reserved for the whites.

Question 32

What are the differences between racial discrimination and segregation?

Answer 32

Racial discrimination is treating people differently simply because of their race ; Segregation is separating people from the larger group in society.

Question 33

The only dissenting judge in the Plessy case was Justice _______.

Answer 33

Justice Harlan

Question 34

List the states that joined Brown in the case.

Answer 34

Virginia, Delaware and South Carolina

Question 35

Define: Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Answer 35

Bans discrimination in places of public accommodation, federally funded programs and private employment. Authorizes Justice Department to bring school integration suits.

Question 36

Define: American Disabilities Act of 1990.

Answer 36

Bans discrimination in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications against persons with physical or mental disabilities.

Question 37

What issues did the NAACP and the Urban League work to improve for African Americans?

Answer 37

Legal rights, openings of jobs and neighbourhoods to blacks.

Question 38

CORE

Answer 38

Congress of Racial Equality

Question 39

What was CORE’s main cause in the 1960’s?

Answer 39

Started freedom rides to integrate bus and train travel in the south.

Question 40

SCLC

Answer 40

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Question 41

Who was the founder of SNCC and what was their main goal?

Answer 41

Martin Luther King Junior ; Mostly concerned with voter registration.

Question 42

SNCC

Answer 42

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

Question 43

Who was the founder of SNCC and what phrase was associated with the group?

Answer 43

Stokely Carmicheal ; “Black Power”

Question 44

The ________ urged African Americans to arm themselves and the _____ wanted complete separation from Whites.

Answer 44

Black Panther ; Black Muslims

Question 45

The OAAU was founded by _______ and their mission was to ________.

Answer 45

Malcolm X ; Bring African American groups together.

Question 46

The leader of the United Farm workers was ________.

Answer 46

Cesar Chavez

Question 47

AIM

Answer 47

American Indian Movement

Question 48

NOW

Answer 48

National Organization for Woman

Question 49

________ are government policies that award jobs, government contracts, promotions, admission to schools and other benefits to minorities and women to make up for past discrimination.

Answer 49

Affirmative Action

Question 50

Describe the Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke case.

Answer 50

A white named Allan Bakke sued because he was rejected twice from medical school. He claimed that he was rejected so they could accept minorities. Supreme Court ruled colleges could not use a quota system, but could consider race in admissions.

Question 51

___ led the fight against affirmative action in California.

Answer 51

Ward Connerly

Question 52

_____ was the first Supreme Court case to validate that discrimination on the basis of sex violates the equal protection clause (14th amendment).

Answer 52

Reed vs. Reed