Test 6**Christy urinary glossary words ect~~

Question 0

Nocturia

Answer 0

Urination at night; can be symptom of renal disease or may occur in persons who drink excessive amounts of fluids before bedtime

Question 1

Micturition

Answer 1

Urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily through the urethra

Question 2

Oliguria

Answer 2

Low output of urine despite normal intake. Below 300-500 ml/day

Possible causes; renal failure, dehydration, urinary obstruction, urinary tract infection

Question 3

Polyuria

Answer 3

Void large amounts of urine

Question 4

Proteinuria

Answer 4

Presence of large Protein in urine

Question 5

Pyuria

Answer 5

Pus in urine

Question 6

Reflex incontinence

Answer 6

Loss of voluntary control urination

Question 7

Volume of urine remaining after voiding

aka (postvoid residual) PVR

Answer 7

Cannot empty bladder completely

>100 ml

Question 8

Stress incontinence

Answer 8

Occurs more often in older women when intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral resistance. Page 1047 Fund.

Question 9

Specific gravity

Answer 9

Weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with and equal volume of water
Normal 1.003-1.030
Low specific–> tubular dysfunction
diabetes insipidus
High specific–> caused by increased antidiuretic
hormone secretions from
* trauma~stress~diabetes mellitus~
excesive water loss

Question 10

Urge incontence

Answer 10

Happens to all ages

Sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles off the urinary bladder, resulting in a urge to urinate

Question 11

Urgency

Answer 11

Feeling or need to void immediately

Question 12

Retention

Answer 12

Accumulation of urine in bladder, with inability to empty fully

Question 13

Ureterostomy

Answer 13

Divert urine directly to the skin surface through a urethral skin opening (stoma) ( pt wears pouch after this)

Page 1514 Iggy

Question 14

Urinometer

Answer 14

Measures the specific gravity of urine

Question 15

Urinary reflux

Answer 15

Compare to acid reflux~~~
The valve that prevents back flow of urine (back toward kidneys) does not work properly; so each time the bladder is emptied urine flows up the ureter towards the kidneys

Question 16

Urinary suppression

Answer 16

Also known as oliguria is a medical condition whereby urine production is not more than 20 milliliters

Question 17

Bladder scan

Answer 17

Can scan to see amount left in bladder after voiding

Question 18

Enuresis

Answer 18

Bed wetting in children after voluntary control should have been achieved

Question 19

Incontinence

Answer 19

Inability to voluntarily control urinary elimination

Question 21

Types of incontinence (5)

Mnemonic (FOURS)

Answer 21

Functional
Overflow
Urge
Reflex
Stress

Question 22

Stress incontinence

Answer 22

involuntary leakage of urine during increased
abdominal pressure in the absence of bladder muscle
contraction
Ex; coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting with a full bladder

Question 23

Urge incontinece

Answer 23

involuntary passage of urine after strong sense of
urgency to void

        S & S--urinary urgency,  (more often than 2 hrs); bladder 
                  spasm or contraction

Question 24

Overflow incontinence

Answer 24

So full a little leaks out, without sensation or urge
to void
~~~ spinal cord dysfunction– loss of cerebral
awareness or impairment of reflex arc

Question 25

Functional

Answer 25

factors outside the urinary tract: urge to void that causes loss of urine before reaching toilet Ex; environmental barriers, sensory, cognitive, and motility issues

Question 26

Glycosuria

Answer 26

Sugar in urine

Question 27

Hematuria

Answer 27

blood in urine

Question 28

urine pH

Answer 28

4.5-7.5 a little on acidic side is good

Question 29

Abnormal pH

Answer 29

Acidic~ caused by a diet high in meat protein and non-citrus fruits, certain drugs, conditions that cause metabolic or respiratory acidosis (diabetes~dehydration~fever~diarrhea) Alkaline~ caused by metabolic alkalemia~ respiratory alkalosis~ certain drugs~ immobilization~ infection with Proteus or Pseudomonas

Question 30

Normal Urinalysis

Answer 30

``` Should contain NO: Glucose Protein-- trace Ketone bodies Bacteria Urinary Sediment--no red blood cells-trace ```

Question 31

Urinary diagnostic tests (2)

Answer 31

Indirect | Direct

Question 32

Indirect visualization | Urinary diagnostic testing (5)

Answer 32

1) Abdominal x-ray 2) IVP-intravenous pyelogram 3) CT scan 4) renal scan 5) ultrasound

Question 33

Direct Visualization | Urinary diagnostic testing (2)

Answer 33

1) Cystoscopy | 2) Retrograde pyelography

Question 34

Crede's method

Answer 34

A method for expressing urine by pressing the hand on the bladder, especially a paralyzed bladder.

Question 35

Kegel exercises

Answer 35

active exercise motion imparted to a part by voluntary contraction and relaxation of its controlling muscles.

Question 36

Treatments (2)

Answer 36

Medications | Catherizations

Question 37

Medication treatment 3 kinds

Answer 37

1) Anti-cholinergic meds~~Depress ACL-Help overactive bladder 2) Cholinergic meds~~ Stimulate ACL-Increase bladder muscle and help bladder emptying. Helps incomplete emptying of bladder 3) alpha-adrenergic blocker~~Treat (males) relax the prostate smooth muscle to reduce obstruction of urinary structures

Question 38

Catheterizations 2 types

Answer 38

Intermittent | Indwelling

Question 39

% of nosocomial infections are urinary tract from catheterizations?

Answer 39

40% | Can be septic and death

Question 40

Average size catheter

Answer 40

``` 16 French (Fr) range 8-30 ```

Question 41

Alternative to catheterization (2) Long term Should be changed about once a month

Answer 41

1) Suprapubic cath-- goes directly into the bladder through the abdominal wall--> Foley cath. reduce infection Used for MS patients ect... 2) Condom cath--

Question 42

Signs and symptoms of UTI's (8)

Answer 42

``` Dysuria Fever Chills Nausea Vomiting and Malaise Cystitis Hematuria WBCs or bacteria in the urine ```

Question 43

3 Major factors to be explored during a nursing hx in regard to urinary elimination

Answer 43

Pattern of urination Symptoms of urinary alterations Factors affecting urination