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130 Test 6 Christy > Test 6**Christy urinary glossary words ect~~ > Flashcards

Test 6**Christy urinary glossary words ect~~ Flashcards

0
Q

Nocturia

A

Urination at night; can be symptom of renal disease or may occur in persons who drink excessive amounts of fluids before bedtime

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1
Q

Micturition

A

Urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily through the urethra

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2
Q

Oliguria

A

Low output of urine despite normal intake. Below 300-500 ml/day

Possible causes; renal failure, dehydration, urinary obstruction, urinary tract infection

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3
Q

Polyuria

A

Void large amounts of urine

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4
Q

Proteinuria

A

Presence of large Protein in urine

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5
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in urine

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6
Q

Reflex incontinence

A

Loss of voluntary control urination

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7
Q

Volume of urine remaining after voiding

aka (postvoid residual) PVR

A

Cannot empty bladder completely

>100 ml

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8
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Occurs more often in older women when intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral resistance. Page 1047 Fund.

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9
Q

Specific gravity

A

Weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with and equal volume of water
Normal 1.003-1.030
Low specific–> tubular dysfunction
diabetes insipidus
High specific–> caused by increased antidiuretic
hormone secretions from
* trauma~stress~diabetes mellitus~
excesive water loss

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10
Q

Urge incontence

A

Happens to all ages

Sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles off the urinary bladder, resulting in a urge to urinate

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11
Q

Urgency

A

Feeling or need to void immediately

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12
Q

Retention

A

Accumulation of urine in bladder, with inability to empty fully

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13
Q

Ureterostomy

A

Divert urine directly to the skin surface through a urethral skin opening (stoma) ( pt wears pouch after this)

Page 1514 Iggy

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14
Q

Urinometer

A

Measures the specific gravity of urine

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15
Q

Urinary reflux

A

Compare to acid reflux~~~
The valve that prevents back flow of urine (back toward kidneys) does not work properly; so each time the bladder is emptied urine flows up the ureter towards the kidneys

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16
Q

Urinary suppression

A

Also known as oliguria is a medical condition whereby urine production is not more than 20 milliliters

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17
Q

Bladder scan

A

Can scan to see amount left in bladder after voiding

18
Q

Enuresis

A

Bed wetting in children after voluntary control should have been achieved

19
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to voluntarily control urinary elimination

21
Q

Types of incontinence (5)

Mnemonic (FOURS)

A 
Functional
Overflow
Urge
Reflex
Stress
22
Q

Stress incontinence

A

involuntary leakage of urine during increased
abdominal pressure in the absence of bladder muscle
contraction
Ex; coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting with a full bladder

23
Q

Urge incontinece

A

involuntary passage of urine after strong sense of
urgency to void

        S & S--urinary urgency,  (more often than 2 hrs); bladder 
                  spasm or contraction
24
Q

Overflow incontinence

A

So full a little leaks out, without sensation or urge
to void
~~~ spinal cord dysfunction– loss of cerebral
awareness or impairment of reflex arc

25
Q

Functional

A

factors outside the urinary tract: urge to void that
causes loss of urine before reaching toilet
Ex; environmental barriers, sensory, cognitive, and
motility issues

26
Q

Glycosuria

A

Sugar in urine

27
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in urine

28
Q

urine pH

A

4.5-7.5 a little on acidic side is good

29
Q

Abnormal pH

A

Acidic~ caused by a diet high in meat protein and non-citrus fruits, certain drugs, conditions that cause metabolic or respiratory acidosis (diabetes~dehydration~fever~diarrhea)

Alkaline~ caused by metabolic alkalemia~ respiratory alkalosis~ certain drugs~ immobilization~ infection with Proteus or Pseudomonas

30
Q

Normal Urinalysis

A 
Should contain NO:
Glucose
Protein-- trace
Ketone bodies
Bacteria
Urinary Sediment--no red blood cells-trace
31
Q

Urinary diagnostic tests (2)

A

Indirect

Direct

32
Q

Indirect visualization

Urinary diagnostic testing (5)

A

1) Abdominal x-ray
2) IVP-intravenous pyelogram
3) CT scan
4) renal scan
5) ultrasound

33
Q

Direct Visualization

Urinary diagnostic testing (2)

A

1) Cystoscopy

2) Retrograde pyelography

34
Q

Crede’s method

A

A method for expressing urine by pressing the hand on the bladder, especially a paralyzed bladder.

35
Q

Kegel exercises

A

active exercise motion imparted to a part by voluntary contraction and relaxation of its controlling muscles.

36
Q

Treatments (2)

A

Medications

Catherizations

37
Q

Medication treatment 3 kinds

A

1) Anti-cholinergic meds~~Depress ACL-Help overactive bladder
2) Cholinergic meds~~ Stimulate ACL-Increase bladder muscle and help bladder emptying. Helps incomplete emptying of bladder
3) alpha-adrenergic blocker~~Treat (males) relax the prostate smooth muscle to reduce obstruction of urinary structures

38
Q

Catheterizations 2 types

A

Intermittent

Indwelling

39
Q

% of nosocomial infections are urinary tract from catheterizations?

A

40%

Can be septic and death

40
Q

Average size catheter

A 
16 French (Fr)
range 8-30
41
Q

Alternative to catheterization (2) Long term

Should be changed about once a month

A

1) Suprapubic cath– goes directly into the bladder through the abdominal wall–> Foley cath.
reduce infection

Used for MS patients ect…

2) Condom cath–

42
Q

Signs and symptoms of UTI’s (8)

A 
Dysuria
Fever
Chills
Nausea
Vomiting and Malaise
Cystitis
Hematuria
WBCs or bacteria in the urine
43
Q

3 Major factors to be explored during a nursing hx in regard to urinary elimination

A

Pattern of urination
Symptoms of urinary alterations
Factors affecting urination

130 Test 6 Christy (8 decks)

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