Test 6 Flashcards
Person’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality
Views personality as an interaction between conscious and unconscious mind, stressing the important of motives and conflict
Psychodynamic Theory
The Psychodynamic Theory focuses on what?
The past, unconscious conflicts, and childhood experiences
Protective method of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Defense mechanisms
A Defense Mechanism does what?
- Protect an individual from seeing unconscious conflicts and from others seeing the problems
Characteristics of a Defense Mechanism
- Unconscious
- Protects from painful emotion
- Self-Deceptive
- Used by everyone
Banishment of anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, and memories
Repression
Attributing to one’s own impulses to someone else
Projection
Unacceptable emotions are set apart from conscious awareness
Isolation
Justifying unacceptable behaviors (excuses)
Rationalization
Shifting an emotion to a more acceptable object or person
Displacement
Returning to an earlier stage of maturity
Regression
Carrying on as if no mistake occured
Undoing
Attempt to make up for deficiencies
- Often done with words
Compensation
Ignore the existence of painful realities
Denial
Modeling values and beliefs of another to the extreme/no self-identity
Identification
Personality test that provides ambiguous (not clear) stimuli to assess unconscious conflicts and inner feelings
Projective Test
Projective tests lack what?
Validity and Realibality
People express inner feelings through stories they make up about an ambiguous scene
Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT)
People explain what they see in a series of symmetrical ink blots
Rorschach Inkblot Test
The Inkblot test is what
Subjective and highly criticized due to lack of validity
Views personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
Humanistic Theory
We are motivated by hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
If our physiological needs are met, we become concerned with what?
Safety needs
If we achieve a sense of security, we then seek what?
To love and to be loved
Once our love needs are satisfied, we seek what?
Self-Esteem
Having achieved self-esteem, we seek what?
Self-Actualization and Self-Transcendence
Self-Actualization is the process of what?
Fulfilling our potential
Self-Transcendence is what?
Meaning and purpose beyond self
Syndrome (group of symptoms) marked by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior, which are dysfunctional or maladaptive, interfering with day-to-day life
Psychological Disorders
What is apart of day-to-day life?
Work, School, and Personal Relationships
Tool used to classify and diagnose psychological disorders
DSM-5
Extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
ADHD
What are the 2 types of ADHD?
Inattentive and Hyperactivity and Impulsivity
ADHD interferes with what?
Functioning and Development
Treatment for ADHD
Stimulant medication and CBT
Types of Stimulants for ADHD
Ritalin and Adderall
A continuous state of Tension and worry, apprehension and autonomic Nervous system arousal
- Can be learned
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Unpredictable episodes of intense dread, and terror. Experiencing chest pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, and/or choking. Often followed by worry over having another attack
Panic Disorder
Persistent avoidance of social situations due to an intense fear of being negatively evaluated by others, leading to them being embarrassed
Social Anxiety Disorders
Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation that poses little to no change
Phobias
Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Repetitive behaviors that someone with OCD feels the urge to do in response to an obsessive thought to decrease anxiety
Obsessive thoughts
Person/Client centered perspective
Carl Rogers
Individual personal growth is promoted by a climate with these three conditions
- Genuiness
- Acceptance
- Empathy
No facades, transparent, open, self-disclosing
Genuiness
Unconditional positive regard
Acceptance
Share and mirror other’s feelings and reflect their meaning
Empathy
Personality is defined in terms of stable and enduring behavior
Trait Theory
Defined personality in terms of traits identifiable behavioral patterns
Gordon Allport
Characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition to feel and act, as assessed by others or self-report inventories
Traits
Personality traits usually remain hidden when we are in a what?
Unfamiliar, formal situations
Longer questionnaires covering a wide range of feelings and behaviors (high validity and realiability)
Personality Invetories
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MMPI
The MMPI uses what?
True/False Questions and a Lie-detector
What do the Big Fiver Factors Measure?
Personality traits
The Big Five Factors are most stable when?
Adulthood
What are the Big Five Factors?
- Conscientiousness
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
- Openness
- Extraversion
Careless ↔ Carefull
Disorganized ↔ Organize
Conscientiousness
Suspicious ↔ Trusting
Uncorporative ↔ Helpful
Agreeableness
Emotional Stability ↔ Emotional Instability
Calm ↔ Anxious
Neuroticism
Practical ↔ Imaginative
Routine ↔ Variety
Openness
Sober ↔ Sociable
Reserved ↔ Fun-Loving
Extraversion
Views personality and behavior as influenced by the interaction of traits (including thinking) and social context
Social-Cognitive Theory
Views the person-environment interactions reciprocal determination
Albert Bandura
Reciprocal determinism is the interacting influences of what?
Behavior, internal personal factors, and environment
Different people choose what?
Different environment which then shape us
Our personalities shape how we do what?
Interpret and react to events
Our personalities help create what?
Situations to which we react
Recurring, haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers 4 weeks or more after a traumatic event
PTSD
Major Depression Disorder if there is a presence of at least 5 of these symptoms for over 2 week period
- Depressed Mood most of the time
- Anhedonia
- Significant challenges regulating appetite and weight
- Significant challenge regulating sleep
- Physical agitation or lethargy
- Feeling listless or with much less energy
- Feeling worthless or feeling unwarranted guilt
- Problems thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
- Thinking repetitively of death and suicide
Dramatically reduced enjoyment in most activities most of the time
- loss of interest/pleasure
Anhedonia
Seasonal Affective Disorder
MDD with Seasonal pattern
Treatment for Seasonal MDD
Light Therapy
Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression, and the overexcited state of Mania
Bipolar Disorder
Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common
Mania
Bipolar 1 is what?
High Mania and depression
Bipolar 2 is what?
Mild Mania and depression
What changes with depression?
Behaviors and thoughts
Depressed individuals have an increased what?
Expectation of negative outcomes
Depressed individuals attend more selectively what?
Negative aspects of their environments and situations
Depressed individuals recall what type of information and expect what
Negative information and expect negative outcomes
Compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
Rumination
When bad events happen, depressed people do what?
Blame themselves
What are depressed peoples explanations for blaming themselves during a bad event or situation?
Pessimistic, overgeneralized, self-focused, and self-blaming
Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or inappropriate emotional expression
Schizophrenia
Presence of inappropriate thoughts or behavior
Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Types of Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
Hallucinations and Delusions
Absence of appropriate behaviors
Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Types of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Avolition (Apathy)
- Alogia
- Anhedonia
- Affective Flattening
Lack of initiation and persistence
Avolition
Relative absence of speech
Alogia
little expressed emotion
Affective Flattening
Treatment involving psychological techniques; consisting of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
Psychotherapy
Using a variety of techniques from several forms of therapy to treat clients
- Combo of therapies
Eclectic Approach
Treatment of severe psychological disorders with prescribed medicines or medical procedures that directly affect the nervous system
Biomedical Therapy
Therapist uses techniques such as active listening, within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate client’s growth. This is non-directive therapy that allows the person to talk
Client (Person)-Centered Therapy
Active Listening
- Echo
- Restate
- Clarify
The therapist attempts to accept and understand the client, giving non-judgmental grace, making the client feel valued and whole
Unconditional Positive Regard
Emphasizes boosting people’s self-fulfillment by trying to help them grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance
Humanistic Perspective
