test 6

Question 1

Allosteric enzymes

Answer 1

control energy production in metabolic reactions. Can change their structure

Question 2

positive allosterism

Answer 2

If more energy is needed then the active site of an enzyme changes its shape to match the substrate

Question 3

negative allosterism

Answer 3

if low demand for energy then the active site changes its shape so the substrate no longer fits

Question 4

zymogen

Answer 4

an inactive substance which is converted into an enzyme when activated by another enzyme

Question 5

enzymes

Answer 5

speed up a reaction by lowering energy of activation

Question 6

temperature

Answer 6

enzymes are made of proteins that get denatured at high and low temps, hence enzyme activity goes down

Question 7

concentration

Answer 7

there are finite number of enzymes therefore the body cannot handle excessive amounts of most items

Question 8

lock and key model

Answer 8

enzyme catalyzes a single substrate
slight change in the structure and it no longer works

Question 9

induced fit model

Answer 9

enzyme can catalyze multiple substrates by altering its shape to match substrates that are somewhat alike structurally

Question 10

Absolute specificity

Answer 10

enzyme catalyzes only 1 substrate

Question 11

Group specificity

Answer 11

enzyme catalyzes only 1 functional group

Question 12

Linkage specificity

Answer 12

enzymes catalyze only 1 type of bond

Question 13

How do enzymes work?

Answer 13

1. put pressure on the bond to be broken
2. bring reacting molecules to proper orientation
3. provide proper ph

Question 14

stereochemical specificity

Answer 14

enzymes that catalyze alpha glucose will not catalyze beta glucose due to different spatial arrangment of atoms

Question 15

Apoenzyme

Answer 15

enzyme protein part

Question 16

Cofactor

Answer 16

non protein part of an enzyme

Question 17

competitive inhibition

Answer 17

two structurally similar substrates compete for the same active site of an enzyme.

Question 18

non-competitive inhibition

Answer 18

occurs when a poison alters the structure of an enzyme by binding on the side, substrate no longer fits the enzyme.

Question 19

irreversible inhibition

Answer 19

nerve agents irreversibly inhibit acetylcholine esterase enzyme which results in destruction of extra acetylcholine in the synaptic gap.

Question 20

indicates a heart attack

Answer 20

increase of CK, LD and GOT

Question 21

indicates a stroke

Answer 21

creatine kinase (CK) in blood.

Question 22

LD Flip

Answer 22

indicates heart attack

Before heart attack LD1<LD2

After heart attack LD1>LD2

Question 23

Alkaline Phosphatase

Answer 23

indicates leukemia

Question 24

acid phosphatase

Answer 24

indicates prostate inflammation or cancer

Question 25

amylase

Answer 25

pancreas inflammation or cancer

Question 26

renin

Answer 26

kidney hypertension

Question 27

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 27

Creation of new glucose, conversion of fats and proteins to glucose

hormones: epinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol

Reverse of glycolysis except steps 1,3, 7, 10

Question 28

glycolysis

Answer 28

breakdown of glucose releasing energy and pyruvic acid

Question 29

glycogenesis

Answer 29

conversion of glucose to glycogen

hormones: insulin

Question 30

glycogenolysis

Answer 30

conversion of glycogen to glucose

Hormones: glucagon and epinephrine