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1
Q

Active transport of molecules across membranes occurs through

A

Proton pumps

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2
Q

After the complete decomposition of organic matter, the remaining complex, amorphous, colloidal substance is called

A

Humus

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3
Q

_____ and _____ are examples of higher plants that cause damage because they are hemiparasites (water parasites) or true parasites because they lack chlorophyll and depend on the host for all nourishment

A

Mistletoe and dodder

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4
Q

_____ are the most serious vertebrate pests, however deer, mice, gophers, squirrels, rabbits, nutriarats, beaver, raccoons, and various birds may also become pests

A

Rats

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5
Q

Atmospheric conditions experienced at particular time

A

Weather

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6
Q

At the equator, temperatures are ____ all year round and trade winds carry ____ off oceans resulting in high levels of ____

A

High and moisture and rainfall

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7
Q

Between 40-50 degrees latitude with 30+ inches of rainfall per year ____ ____ develops

A

Temperate forest

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8
Q

A biome is a collection of ecosystems with similar ____

A

Climate, soils and plant composition

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9
Q

_____ break up large pieces of organic matter into smaller pieces. They are the first step in decomposition

A

Detritovores

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10
Q

The carrying capacity of an environment changes with

A

The amount of resources available

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11
Q

Chlorosis is ___ of the leaves

A

Yellowing

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12
Q

Climate in an area is primarily dependent on

A

Amount of sunlight

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13
Q

The cohesion theory states

A

Water moves from the roots into the leaves due to negative pressure from transpiration

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14
Q

Conservation biology

A

All are components of conservation biology

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15
Q

____ controls are consdiered an environmentally friendly alternative to using pesticides

A

Biological

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16
Q

The correct order wind systems between the equator and each pole is

A

Trade winds, westerlies, arctic winds

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17
Q

Cultivation is tillage between seedling emergence and crop harvest, and serves all these function except

A

Compact the soils

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18
Q

Desert biomes have these features

A

All of the above

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19
Q

The discipline of ecology studies

A

How organisms interact with each other and their environment

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20
Q

Ecological succession occurs in

A

All ecosystems

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21
Q

Ecologists characterize species richnes by the r/K selection theory. Which is a trait of r selected populations

A

Short lifespan

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22
Q

Ecologists characterize species richness by the r/K selection theory. Which is not a trait of K selected populations

A

Reproduce rapidly and early

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23
Q

Essential elements for plant growth

A

Are part of an essential metabolic function or molecule

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24
Q

Establishing a deeply rooting permanent cover crop, such as a mixed grass-alfalfa cover crop, can do all except

A

Provide shading for other crops

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25
Every available niche tends to be filled and resources are fully exploited in a healthy ecosystem
True
26
Explorer Alexander con Humboldt observed that _____
Similar vegetation types tends to occur in similar climates around the globe
27
The first limiting nutrient for plants is usually
Nitrogen
28
The force of attraction between two like molecules (like water and water) called
Cohesion
29
The force of attraction between unlike molecules (such as soil and water) is called
Adhesion
30
Genetically resistant plant may occur naturally, or through classical plant breeding programs, or may be derived through the use of molecular biology techniques commonly called
GPS
31
Global warming is changing the geographic distribution of biomes. Which of the following statements is not a likely result of global warming?
Trees will grow in Antarctica
32
The Hadley Cell is a circulation of rising air and precipitation over the ___
Equator
33
Herbivory is a common example of
Predation
34
How many systems or belts of surface winds in each hemisphere determine the patterns of precipitation and vegetation
3
35
How much energy is passed from one tropic level to the next in an ecosystem
%10
36
Instead of plowing, dissing and otherwise cultivating to remove old vegetation, _____ are used to kill the vegetation which is left in place
Herbicides
37
_____ irrigation is an outdoor surface irrigation system used for row crops
Furrow
38
______ is a method of freeing plants of the virus organism. This method involves keeping the virus infested plant at 38 degrees C for 20-30 days
Heat therapy
39
_____ is a method to control (manage) pest that should be used as a last resort in a sustainable agricultural integrated pest management system
Pesticide
40
______ is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria that forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes
Rhizobium
41
_____ is defined as mechanical manipulation of soil to provide a favorable environment for crop growth
Tillage
42
A _____ is sometimes used in seedbed preparation because it is effective in breaking up soil crusts, reducing clod sizes, and destroying small weeds
Spring-tooth harrow
43
_______ is the amount of water the soil can hold against the force of gravity
Field capacity
44
_____ is the main influence on vegetation type
Climate
45
_____ is the use of pesticides to suppress or inhibit pest/pathogen activities
Chemical applications
46
The largest biome on earth is the _____
Desert
47
Level land is less likely to erode from water than sloping land, but can be more vulnerable to _____
Wind erosion
48
The loss of water through special openings( not stomata) in the leaves is called
Guttation
49
The major process in the nitrogen cycle are
Nitrogen fixation, mineralization, nitrification, adn denitrification
50
More than 90% of a living plant is composed of which elements
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
51
Most insects have ______ economic impact on humans. Actually only __% ever reach pest status
No, 5
52
Most of the temperate grasslands in the northern hemisphere have been converted to
Crop lands for grains
53
A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms is called a _____
Symbiotic association
54
Myrmecophytes are
An example of mutualism between a plant and ants
55
Nitrate is highly soluble and can be leached from soil by
Precipitation
56
Nitrogen is highly soluble and can be leached from soil by
Precipitation
57
Nitrogen is used by plant as a component of
Chlorophyll and nuclei acids
58
Nutrient deficiencies appear first
In old leaves if the element is mobile in the plant; in young leaves if the elements is immobile in the plant
59
________ occurs when a plant wilts, and cannot recover when placed in a saturated atmosphere
Permanent wilting point
60
______ occurs when more thatn one organism draws on a resource that is in short supply
Competition
61
One element not supplied naturally by air and water is____
Nitrogen
62
Organic soil amendments include crop residue, animal manure, compost, and ____
Coir
63
The ____ _____, or _________ is the second largest biome on earth after teh desert
Boreal forest/ taiga
64
People that grow plants must have a firm understanding of weed science ___/____ and must learn to manage plant pests or otherwise minimize plant losses caused by important plant pests
Entomology/ plant
65
Phosphorus is used by the plant as a component of
ATP and phospholipids
66
Plant _____ require a wound in order to enter the plant cells; once in, they can move freely from cell to cell via the ____
Virus/ plasmodesmata
67
Plant can be assisted with teh uptake of phosphorous by
Mycorrhizal fungi
68
Population ecology studies
The age and geographical distribution of a population of individuals of the same species
69
Population size is affected by
All of above
70
The pressure flow hypothesis does not explain
How osmosis works
71
The prevailing atmospheric conditions of an area over a long period of time
Climate
72
Primary succession is characterized by the following
Colonization of area with vegetation for the first time
73
Put the levels of ecological study from the smallest to the largest
Organismal, population, community, ecosystem
74
A rain shadow is what area
The side of a mountain range and beyond dominated by dry air masses
75
A ______ refers to a subpopulation of plant within a species differing only slightly from the general population
Biotype
76
______ removes soil faster than new soil can form , reducing productive topsoil depth
Accelerated erosion
77
A simple food chain has the following levels in hierarchical order
Fungi and bacteria, plants, herbivores, predators
78
Soil particles are separated into their respected sizes and the percentage in each size category is calculated to determine
Soil texture
79
Terrestrial biomes are primarily characterized by
Rainfall and temperature
80
This biome is dominated by trees such as oak, elm, poplar, beech and maple and is desirable for human settlement and agricultural production
Temperate broadleaf and mixed
81
This biome is found on five continents with plant that look similar but are not related
Deserts and xeric shrublands
82
This biome is home to the greatest number of plant and animal species
Tropical rainforests
83
This biome receives ample rainfall, has annual temperatures from 5 to 20 C and is home to spruce, fir, pine, hemlock, and redwood
Temperate coniferous forest
84
This biome supports a low number of plant species, receives little rain, and plants have shallow root zones due to permafrost and wet soil
Arctic tundra
85
Topsoil is the found in the ____ horizon
A
86
_____ turns arid land to desert
Overgrazing
87
The two largest terrestrial biomes in the world are:
Coniferous forest and tundra
88
Upward movement of water occurs mainly in the _____ through passive _____ driven by ______
Xylem, cohesion, evaporation
89
A vertical section of soil extending through all its horizons from the surface to the parent material is known as
A soil profile
90
Water flows from
High to low water potential
91
Water potential in a plant is
The sum of the solute and pressure potential
92
Water will move into a cell when
The surrounding solution has a lower solute potential( hypotonic solution)
93
Weather patterns are affected by
All affect
94
Weeds can be classified as _____, _____, or ______
Annuals/biennials/ perennials
95
Wetlands are found in
All
96
Wetlands are important ecosystems becasue they
All
97
What is not true form Potassium
It is often a limiting nutrient
98
What is the least likely cause for habitat fragmentation
Cooling ocean temperatures
99
When the North Pole is titled towards the sun and the sun rays hit the Tropic of Cancer at a 90 degree angle
Summer solstice
100
When the South Pole is titled toward the sun and the sun rays hit the Tropic of Capricorn at a 90 degree angle
Winter solstice
101
Which is not a trait of K selected population
Reproduce rapidly and early
102
Which is not a trait of r selected population
Short lifespan
105
Which of the following applies to soil horizons
They differ in chemical, physical, and biological properties and depth
106
Which of the following are known to support mutually beneficial associations
Both lichens and rhizobium
107
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an aquatic biome
Degree of pollution
108
Which of the following is is not a mechanism of ion exclusion from plant cells
Nuclei acid movement of toxins out of the cell
109
Which of the following statements is not likely a result of global warming
Trees will grow in Antarctica
110
Which of the following statements about biomes is not true
Each biome has 3 specific plant species that it is named after
111
Which of the following stamens about succession is not true
Succession is affected by only biotic factors
113
Which of the following statements is not true for hydroponic porous
Nutrient film techniques grows plants on a large tank on a thin, porous film
114
Which of these are not an example of mutualism
Epiphytes

Envs 4 (1 decks)

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