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Envs 4 > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

Active transport of molecules across membranes occurs through

A

Proton pumps

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2
Q

After the complete decomposition of organic matter, the remaining complex, amorphous, colloidal substance is called

A

Humus

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3
Q

_____ and _____ are examples of higher plants that cause damage because they are hemiparasites (water parasites) or true parasites because they lack chlorophyll and depend on the host for all nourishment

A

Mistletoe and dodder

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4
Q

_____ are the most serious vertebrate pests, however deer, mice, gophers, squirrels, rabbits, nutriarats, beaver, raccoons, and various birds may also become pests

A

Rats

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5
Q

Atmospheric conditions experienced at particular time

A

Weather

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6
Q

At the equator, temperatures are ____ all year round and trade winds carry ____ off oceans resulting in high levels of ____

A

High and moisture and rainfall

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7
Q

Between 40-50 degrees latitude with 30+ inches of rainfall per year ____ ____ develops

A

Temperate forest

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8
Q

A biome is a collection of ecosystems with similar ____

A

Climate, soils and plant composition

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9
Q

_____ break up large pieces of organic matter into smaller pieces. They are the first step in decomposition

A

Detritovores

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10
Q

The carrying capacity of an environment changes with

A

The amount of resources available

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11
Q

Chlorosis is ___ of the leaves

A

Yellowing

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12
Q

Climate in an area is primarily dependent on

A

Amount of sunlight

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13
Q

The cohesion theory states

A

Water moves from the roots into the leaves due to negative pressure from transpiration

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14
Q

Conservation biology

A

All are components of conservation biology

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15
Q

____ controls are consdiered an environmentally friendly alternative to using pesticides

A

Biological

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16
Q

The correct order wind systems between the equator and each pole is

A

Trade winds, westerlies, arctic winds

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17
Q

Cultivation is tillage between seedling emergence and crop harvest, and serves all these function except

A

Compact the soils

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18
Q

Desert biomes have these features

A

All of the above

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19
Q

The discipline of ecology studies

A

How organisms interact with each other and their environment

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20
Q

Ecological succession occurs in

A

All ecosystems

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21
Q

Ecologists characterize species richnes by the r/K selection theory. Which is a trait of r selected populations

A

Short lifespan

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22
Q

Ecologists characterize species richness by the r/K selection theory. Which is not a trait of K selected populations

A

Reproduce rapidly and early

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23
Q

Essential elements for plant growth

A

Are part of an essential metabolic function or molecule

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24
Q

Establishing a deeply rooting permanent cover crop, such as a mixed grass-alfalfa cover crop, can do all except

A

Provide shading for other crops

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25
Q

Every available niche tends to be filled and resources are fully exploited in a healthy ecosystem

A

True

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26
Q

Explorer Alexander con Humboldt observed that _____

A

Similar vegetation types tends to occur in similar climates around the globe

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27
Q

The first limiting nutrient for plants is usually

A

Nitrogen

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28
Q

The force of attraction between two like molecules (like water and water) called

A

Cohesion

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29
Q

The force of attraction between unlike molecules (such as soil and water) is called

A

Adhesion

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30
Q

Genetically resistant plant may occur naturally, or through classical plant breeding programs, or may be derived through the use of molecular biology techniques commonly called

A

GPS

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31
Q

Global warming is changing the geographic distribution of biomes. Which of the following statements is not a likely result of global warming?

A

Trees will grow in Antarctica

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32
Q

The Hadley Cell is a circulation of rising air and precipitation over the ___

A

Equator

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33
Q

Herbivory is a common example of

A

Predation

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34
Q

How many systems or belts of surface winds in each hemisphere determine the patterns of precipitation and vegetation

A

3

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35
Q

How much energy is passed from one tropic level to the next in an ecosystem

A

%10

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36
Q

Instead of plowing, dissing and otherwise cultivating to remove old vegetation, _____ are used to kill the vegetation which is left in place

A

Herbicides

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37
Q

_____ irrigation is an outdoor surface irrigation system used for row crops

A

Furrow

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38
Q

______ is a method of freeing plants of the virus organism. This method involves keeping the virus infested plant at 38 degrees C for 20-30 days

A

Heat therapy

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39
Q

_____ is a method to control (manage) pest that should be used as a last resort in a sustainable agricultural integrated pest management system

A

Pesticide

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40
Q

______ is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria that forms a symbiotic relationship with legumes

A

Rhizobium

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41
Q

_____ is defined as mechanical manipulation of soil to provide a favorable environment for crop growth

A

Tillage

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42
Q

A _____ is sometimes used in seedbed preparation because it is effective in breaking up soil crusts, reducing clod sizes, and destroying small weeds

A

Spring-tooth harrow

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43
Q

_______ is the amount of water the soil can hold against the force of gravity

A

Field capacity

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44
Q

_____ is the main influence on vegetation type

A

Climate

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45
Q

_____ is the use of pesticides to suppress or inhibit pest/pathogen activities

A

Chemical applications

46
Q

The largest biome on earth is the _____

A

Desert

47
Q

Level land is less likely to erode from water than sloping land, but can be more vulnerable to _____

A

Wind erosion

48
Q

The loss of water through special openings( not stomata) in the leaves is called

A

Guttation

49
Q

The major process in the nitrogen cycle are

A

Nitrogen fixation, mineralization, nitrification, adn denitrification

50
Q

More than 90% of a living plant is composed of which elements

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

51
Q

Most insects have ______ economic impact on humans. Actually only __% ever reach pest status

A

No, 5

52
Q

Most of the temperate grasslands in the northern hemisphere have been converted to

A

Crop lands for grains

53
Q

A mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms is called a _____

A

Symbiotic association

54
Q

Myrmecophytes are

A

An example of mutualism between a plant and ants

55
Q

Nitrate is highly soluble and can be leached from soil by

A

Precipitation

56
Q

Nitrogen is highly soluble and can be leached from soil by

A

Precipitation

57
Q

Nitrogen is used by plant as a component of

A

Chlorophyll and nuclei acids

58
Q

Nutrient deficiencies appear first

A

In old leaves if the element is mobile in the plant; in young leaves if the elements is immobile in the plant

59
Q

________ occurs when a plant wilts, and cannot recover when placed in a saturated atmosphere

A

Permanent wilting point

60
Q

______ occurs when more thatn one organism draws on a resource that is in short supply

A

Competition

61
Q

One element not supplied naturally by air and water is____

A

Nitrogen

62
Q

Organic soil amendments include crop residue, animal manure, compost, and ____

A

Coir

63
Q

The ____ _____, or _________ is the second largest biome on earth after teh desert

A

Boreal forest/ taiga

64
Q

People that grow plants must have a firm understanding of weed science ___/____ and must learn to manage plant pests or otherwise minimize plant losses caused by important plant pests

A

Entomology/ plant

65
Q

Phosphorus is used by the plant as a component of

A

ATP and phospholipids

66
Q

Plant _____ require a wound in order to enter the plant cells; once in, they can move freely from cell to cell via the ____

A

Virus/ plasmodesmata

67
Q

Plant can be assisted with teh uptake of phosphorous by

A

Mycorrhizal fungi

68
Q

Population ecology studies

A

The age and geographical distribution of a population of individuals of the same species

69
Q

Population size is affected by

A

All of above

70
Q

The pressure flow hypothesis does not explain

A

How osmosis works

71
Q

The prevailing atmospheric conditions of an area over a long period of time

A

Climate

72
Q

Primary succession is characterized by the following

A

Colonization of area with vegetation for the first time

73
Q

Put the levels of ecological study from the smallest to the largest

A

Organismal, population, community, ecosystem

74
Q

A rain shadow is what area

A

The side of a mountain range and beyond dominated by dry air masses

75
Q

A ______ refers to a subpopulation of plant within a species differing only slightly from the general population

A

Biotype

76
Q

______ removes soil faster than new soil can form , reducing productive topsoil depth

A

Accelerated erosion

77
Q

A simple food chain has the following levels in hierarchical order

A

Fungi and bacteria, plants, herbivores, predators

78
Q

Soil particles are separated into their respected sizes and the percentage in each size category is calculated to determine

A

Soil texture

79
Q

Terrestrial biomes are primarily characterized by

A

Rainfall and temperature

80
Q

This biome is dominated by trees such as oak, elm, poplar, beech and maple and is desirable for human settlement and agricultural production

A

Temperate broadleaf and mixed

81
Q

This biome is found on five continents with plant that look similar but are not related

A

Deserts and xeric shrublands

82
Q

This biome is home to the greatest number of plant and animal species

A

Tropical rainforests

83
Q

This biome receives ample rainfall, has annual temperatures from 5 to 20 C and is home to spruce, fir, pine, hemlock, and redwood

A

Temperate coniferous forest

84
Q

This biome supports a low number of plant species, receives little rain, and plants have shallow root zones due to permafrost and wet soil

A

Arctic tundra

85
Q

Topsoil is the found in the ____ horizon

A

A

86
Q

_____ turns arid land to desert

A

Overgrazing

87
Q

The two largest terrestrial biomes in the world are:

A

Coniferous forest and tundra

88
Q

Upward movement of water occurs mainly in the _____ through passive _____ driven by ______

A

Xylem, cohesion, evaporation

89
Q

A vertical section of soil extending through all its horizons from the surface to the parent material is known as

A

A soil profile

90
Q

Water flows from

A

High to low water potential

91
Q

Water potential in a plant is

A

The sum of the solute and pressure potential

92
Q

Water will move into a cell when

A

The surrounding solution has a lower solute potential( hypotonic solution)

93
Q

Weather patterns are affected by

A

All affect

94
Q

Weeds can be classified as _____, _____, or ______

A

Annuals/biennials/ perennials

95
Q

Wetlands are found in

A

All

96
Q

Wetlands are important ecosystems becasue they

A

All

97
Q

What is not true form Potassium

A

It is often a limiting nutrient

98
Q

What is the least likely cause for habitat fragmentation

A

Cooling ocean temperatures

99
Q

When the North Pole is titled towards the sun and the sun rays hit the Tropic of Cancer at a 90 degree angle

A

Summer solstice

100
Q

When the South Pole is titled toward the sun and the sun rays hit the Tropic of Capricorn at a 90 degree angle

A

Winter solstice

101
Q

Which is not a trait of K selected population

A

Reproduce rapidly and early

102
Q

Which is not a trait of r selected population

A

Short lifespan

105
Q

Which of the following applies to soil horizons

A

They differ in chemical, physical, and biological properties and depth

106
Q

Which of the following are known to support mutually beneficial associations

A

Both lichens and rhizobium

107
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an aquatic biome

A

Degree of pollution

108
Q

Which of the following is is not a mechanism of ion exclusion from plant cells

A

Nuclei acid movement of toxins out of the cell

109
Q

Which of the following statements is not likely a result of global warming

A

Trees will grow in Antarctica

110
Q

Which of the following statements about biomes is not true

A

Each biome has 3 specific plant species that it is named after

111
Q

Which of the following stamens about succession is not true

A

Succession is affected by only biotic factors

113
Q

Which of the following statements is not true for hydroponic porous

A

Nutrient film techniques grows plants on a large tank on a thin, porous film

114
Q

Which of these are not an example of mutualism

A

Epiphytes

Envs 4 (1 decks)

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