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The Basics of MEdia > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

There are two types of media in America

A

Print Media

Broadcast Media

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2
Q

How much of all US television coverage of government official focuses on the President

A

80 percent

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3
Q

FDR was the first president to master the broadcast media through his

A

Fireside chats

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4
Q

The era of television politics really began with:

A

1960 Presidential debate between Nixon and Kennedy

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5
Q

A news release can be printed or broadcast word for word or used as

A

background information

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6
Q

They can have a _______ that states the earliest time it can be published

A

dateline

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7
Q

________ give reporters the chance to ask officials about news releases

A

Briefings

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8
Q

The President’s _________ _______ meets daily w/ press to answer questions and provide information on the president’s activities

A

press secretary

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9
Q

Sometimes the president or other top official will give reporters important pieces of information called:

A

backgrounders

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10
Q

_________ give gov’t officials the opportunity to test new ideas or to send unofficial messages to other policy makers or foreign gov’ts

A

backgrounders

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11
Q

When officials give information _______________, they cannot print or broadcast the information

A

off the record

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12
Q

The first televised political advertisements appeared in 1952 presidential campaign b/t:

A

Dwight Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson`

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13
Q

MM have fundamentally changed nominations for presidents through:

A

Horse-race coverage

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14
Q

Television has influenced the types of candidates who run for office in several ways:

A

First, they must project a pleasing appearance on camera
Second, TV has made it much easier for people who are political unknowns to quickly gain exposure and quickly become serious candidates for major office
Third, TV has encouraged celebrities from a wide variety of fields to enter politics

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15
Q

The media declare a candidate who wins early primaries as the:

A

front-runner

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16
Q

________ has an on effect how candidates communicate with the voters

A

Television

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17
Q

When did candidates begin using advertising in newspapers, magazines, mass mailings campaign lit

A

1900

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18
Q

candidates began radio campaigning in

A

1924

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19
Q

campaigning began with Eisenhower in

A

1952

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20
Q

TV campaigns use what kind of advertisements

A

spot advertisements

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21
Q

What does most campaign money go to?

A

TV ads

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22
Q

TV also lets candidates appeal directly to the people bypassing:

A

party leadership

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23
Q

When a legislature is in the news, the media tends to report on the most controversial aspects of Congress such as:

A

Conformational hearings, oversight activities, personal business of members

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24
Q

The constitution requires Congress to:

A

confirm presidential appointments to high government posts

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25
Q

Who was rejected by the Senate for Sec. of Defense because his alleged alcoholism and marital problems

A

John Tower

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26
Q

Congress has the power to review:

A

how the executive branch enforces laws and carries out programs

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27
Q

the House began allowing closed circuit tv coverage of floor debates in

A

1979

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28
Q

the Senate began allowing TV coverage of Senate debates in

A

1986

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29
Q

What television channel covers House and Senate activity?

A

C-SPAN

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30
Q

What are major factors of the public agenda?

A

Aid to the homeless, long-term health care for children/elderly, teen substance abuse, high crime rates

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31
Q

Decision on what to cover is influenced by?

A

competition with other TV networks

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32
Q

What is an upside of larger viewing audiences for TV stations?

A

Being able to charge more for advertising

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33
Q

What is another factor that stations bring into play when deciding what to show?

A

What they think will get the largest audience

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34
Q

What kind of impact does most media bring to the public?

A

Negative

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35
Q

What is the feeling of distrust and cynicism among media watchers?

A

TV malaise

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36
Q

The first amendment means that print media are free from what?

A

Prior restraint

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37
Q

What is prior restraint?

A

government censorship of information before it is published

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38
Q

False written statements intended to damage a person’s reputation are called:

A

Libel

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39
Q

Example of a libel case?

A

Zemel Vs Rusk 1965

40
Q

What case does the quote “The right to speak and publish does not carry with it the unrestricted right to gather information” come from

A

1972 Branzburg Vs Hayes

41
Q

Lower courts have been more supportive of:

A

right of access

42
Q

How many right-of-access lawsuits have been filed in the past decade

A

200

43
Q

About what percentage of those cases were won?

A

60%

44
Q

Authorities do not have to give the media special right of access to crime or disaster sites if:

A

the general public is excluded

45
Q

What act prevents all levels of government from searching for and seizing source documentation, except in a few special circumstances

A

Privacy Protection Act of 1980

46
Q

What type of media does the federal government have the most power over?

A

Broadcast media

47
Q

1934 Congress created the:

A

Federal Communications Commission

48
Q

FCC is a gov’t agency with authority to regulate interstate and international communications by:

A

Radio, television, telephone, telegraph, cable and satellite

49
Q

How long are the terms for the FCC Commission?

A

5 years

50
Q

What does the FCC have the power to do?

A

Grant licenses to TV and broadcast stations

51
Q

Two major regulatory activities deal with

A

the content of broadcasts and with ownership of the media

52
Q

The FCC can’t:

A

censor broadcasts

53
Q

They influence the content of broadcasts by:

A

fining stations that violate rules and threatening not to renew station’s license

54
Q

What required broadcasters to provide airtime to both sides of a controversial issue

A

Fairness doctrine

55
Q

1941 the FCC said a company could not own more than how many radio stations in a single market?

A

8

56
Q

1975 companies no longer could own:

A

both a newspaper and TV or radio station in the same market

57
Q

The law removed:
Any national limits for the ownership of radio stations
Any limits on the # of TV stations one company might own as long as the company controlled no more than 35% of the national market
Allowed cross- ownership of cable and broadcast stations
Dropped old rate regulations for cable systems Permitted telephone companies to sell TV services
Required FCC to review media ownership rules every 2 years

A

Telecommunications Act of 1996

58
Q

The key objective of the Telecommunications Act

A

to increase competition and loosen media monopolies

59
Q

What merger had the result of one company nearly half the US internet and more than 12 million cable subscribers

A

AOL + Time Warner Cable

60
Q

Two companies now claim two-thirds of all the listeners of news radio stations

A

PBS and NPR

61
Q

Telecommunications Act also tried to combat:

A

the growth of violent and obscene content in the MM

62
Q

The federal gov’t gives a “secret” security classification:

A

to many gov’t documents

63
Q

In what war did the Defense Department limited the media to a small group of reporters who were permitted to visit battlefields

A

The Persian Gulf War

64
Q

In what war did the Pentagon allowed 500 reporters to accompany troops into battle as “embedded” journalists

A

The Iraq War

65
Q

When did the internet begin?

A

1969

66
Q

What supports interactive communications among many people at once

A

internet

67
Q

What is one of the internets major strengths

A

It represents a wide range of content and opinions

68
Q

Internet organizations and activities are spread around the world and it is often not clear of

A

Which national law should govern the internet

69
Q

a site offering balanced information on major issues like the economy, foreign policy, and crime is an example of

A

public agenda

70
Q

What is partisan

A

adhering to or supporting a particular party, faction, cause, or person

71
Q

allows you to search for all versions of House and Senate bills by either bill number or keyword

A

THOMAS

72
Q

What section of the Congressional Record is also available online, providing a brief summary of each days activities during each current congressional session

A

Daily Digest

73
Q

What government institution updates and runs THOMAS

A

Library of Congress

74
Q

an automated email notification that provides subscribers with current information on a topic

A

electronic mailing list

75
Q

You can go online to access:

A

property tax bills, get forms for marriage licenses, or find town board meeting times

76
Q

The motto for the twenty-first century for government should be

A

Online and not in line

77
Q

In 2002 Congress passed what act to address problems for long lines in government institutions

A

E-Government Act

78
Q

This law established the what to help federal agencies work together to provide better online service to the public

A

Office of Electronic Government

79
Q

offers access to a wide variety of governmental information including statistical data, contacts and directories within government agencies, forms and applications for government, laws and regulations, and historical government

A

Firstgov.gov

80
Q

has become the most widely used Internet tool for contacting officials

A

Email

81
Q

How many emails per second does Congress get

A

12

82
Q

a message from an interest group to its members

A

Action alert

83
Q

Action alerts give:

A

background on the issue, a date by which you must send your message, and clear instructions on what to ask for

84
Q

is a message that asks the recipients to “sign” his or her name electronically to a request that will be sent to an official

A

Electronic Petition

85
Q

The goal of an electronic petition drive is to

A

show lawmakers that a large number of people agree on how an issue should be decided

86
Q

started in 2000 with the presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore

A

Grassroots Websites

87
Q

Problems with independent websites

A

These sites may present misleading information about a candidate
Links to extremist groups that the candidate would not want to be associated with

88
Q

process involves volunteer activities that can only be done by the internet

A

Cyber Volunteering

89
Q

One popular activity is to ________________________ provided by the candidate to a friend of yours

A

send an electronic postcard

90
Q

In the 2000 presidential election, the who conducted a pilot program that allowed overseas residents of certain counties in four states to cast ballots online

A

Department of Defense

91
Q

who used online balloting in their 2000 primary and became the first type of internet voting in the country

A

Arizona Democrats

92
Q

The Supreme Court ruled in Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union that the First Amendment guarantees:

A

freedom of expression on the internet

93
Q

In 1996 what act made publishing “indecent” or “patently offensive” material on the internet as a federal offense

A

Communications Decency Act

94
Q

In 1998 what act ordered web site operators to require an adult identification device, such as a credit card, before granting access to material “harmful to minors”

A

Child Online Protection Act

95
Q

The expansion of the Internet has been accompanied by the growth of

A

e-commerce

96
Q

One thing to remember about the internet:

A

Websites are very biased in nature

97
Q

What was required in all TVs by 1998

A

V-Chip

The Basics of MEdia (1 decks)

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