Test Flashcards
4 areas of development
Physical, cognitive, social and emotional
Physical development
The growth and changes of size, proportion, appearance and co-ordination
Cognitive development
Thinking, problem solving, language imagination, memory
Social development
Making and maintain gin friendships
Interpret the behaviours, feelings and thoughts of others
Learn to respond to reactions of others
Emotional Development
Changes in self knowledge and understanding others
Recognise emotions through facial expressions
Learn to express emotions appropriately
Development emotional skills through interaction with others
Nature
Genetics
Nurture
Environment
Identical twins
Maternal/monozygotic
1 egg/ sperm
Same DNA
Non Identical Twins
Fraternal/ dizygotic
2 eggs/ sperm
No more alike than other siblings
Who did the Minnesota twin study?
Bouchard
What study did bouchard do?
The Minnesota twin study
What was the Minnesota twin study about?
Suggested heredity makes a relatively strong contribution to IQ
WAS SHOWN THROUGH SEPARTED IDENTICAL TWINS
Who else did a twin study?
Scarf (1992)
What did Scarr find in her study?
Found intelligence has a greater genetic component than personality does
What do adoption studies help with?
To distinguish the effects of nature vs nurture on various traits and characteristics
Who did a twin study?
Daniels and Plomin (1985)
What did Daniels and Plomin find/study?
Investigated nature/nurture debate in terms of shyness
Found both N&N play a role
What is IQ
Intelligence Quotient
What is the average IQ
100
How did IQ used to be measured
MA divided by CA multiplied by 100
How is IQ measured nowadays
Scores are based around a std deviation of 15 from a mean of 100 and are specific age groups
Who did a cognitive development theory?
Piaget
What was Piagets 4 stages of the cognitive development theory?
- sensorori-motor stage
- pre-operational stage
- concrete operational stage
- formal operational stage
What happens in the sensory motor stage?
Object permanence occurs
Learn there is a relationship with their actions and the external world
Goal directed behaviour
Coordinate purposeful movement
What happens in the pre-operational stage
Think symbolically and use language
Are egocentric (3 mountain task)
Cent ration- can only focus on one thing at a time
Animism- the belief everything has some kind of awareness
What happens in the concrete operational stage?
More logical and adult like thought occurs
Mastery of conservation
Reversibility of thought
Start to use concepts of time, space snd number
Learn to classify and seriate
Formal operational stage
Thinking is based more on abstract principles
Become less egocentric
Able to consider hypothetical possibilities
Can reasons logically
Full intellectual ability is attained
Tremayne and Tremayne (2004)
(Organised sport)
(No Real Octopus Makes Enemies Cry)
- Natural ability
- Readiness to learn
- Opportunity to practice, encouragement, support and positive feedback
- Motivation
- Enjoyment and sense of competence
- Competence of coach
Play described by Piaget
Symbolic, mastery, Play with Rules
What happens in mastery play
Learn motor skills
What happens in symbolic play
Make believe
Play with rules
Start with made up rules but move towards more standard rules
Who else has a play theory
Parton (1932)
What was apartments stages? (5)
Solitary play Onlooker play Parallel Play Associate play Cooperative play
