Test

Question 1

4 areas of development

Answer 1

Physical, cognitive, social and emotional

Question 2

Physical development

Answer 2

The growth and changes of size, proportion, appearance and co-ordination

Question 3

Cognitive development

Answer 3

Thinking, problem solving, language imagination, memory

Question 4

Social development

Answer 4

Making and maintain gin friendships
Interpret the behaviours, feelings and thoughts of others
Learn to respond to reactions of others

Question 5

Emotional Development

Answer 5

Changes in self knowledge and understanding others
Recognise emotions through facial expressions
Learn to express emotions appropriately
Development emotional skills through interaction with others

Question 6

Nature

Answer 6

Genetics

Question 7

Nurture

Answer 7

Environment

Question 8

Identical twins

Answer 8

Maternal/monozygotic
1 egg/ sperm
Same DNA

Question 9

Non Identical Twins

Answer 9

Fraternal/ dizygotic
2 eggs/ sperm
No more alike than other siblings

Question 10

Who did the Minnesota twin study?

Answer 10

Bouchard

Question 11

What study did bouchard do?

Answer 11

The Minnesota twin study

Question 12

What was the Minnesota twin study about?

Answer 12

Suggested heredity makes a relatively strong contribution to IQ
WAS SHOWN THROUGH SEPARTED IDENTICAL TWINS

Question 13

Who else did a twin study?

Answer 13

Scarf (1992)

Question 14

What did Scarr find in her study?

Answer 14

Found intelligence has a greater genetic component than personality does

Question 15

What do adoption studies help with?

Answer 15

To distinguish the effects of nature vs nurture on various traits and characteristics

Question 16

Who did a twin study?

Answer 16

Daniels and Plomin (1985)

Question 17

What did Daniels and Plomin find/study?

Answer 17

Investigated nature/nurture debate in terms of shyness

Found both N&N play a role

Question 18

What is IQ

Answer 18

Intelligence Quotient

Question 19

What is the average IQ

Answer 19

100

Question 20

How did IQ used to be measured

Answer 20

MA divided by CA multiplied by 100

Question 21

How is IQ measured nowadays

Answer 21

Scores are based around a std deviation of 15 from a mean of 100 and are specific age groups

Question 22

Who did a cognitive development theory?

Answer 22

Piaget

Question 23

What was Piagets 4 stages of the cognitive development theory?

Answer 23

• sensorori-motor stage
• pre-operational stage
• concrete operational stage
• formal operational stage

Question 24

What happens in the sensory motor stage?

Answer 24

Object permanence occurs
Learn there is a relationship with their actions and the external world
Goal directed behaviour
Coordinate purposeful movement

Question 25

What happens in the pre-operational stage

Answer 25

Think symbolically and use language Are egocentric (3 mountain task) Cent ration- can only focus on one thing at a time Animism- the belief everything has some kind of awareness

Question 26

What happens in the concrete operational stage?

Answer 26

More logical and adult like thought occurs Mastery of conservation Reversibility of thought Start to use concepts of time, space snd number Learn to classify and seriate

Question 27

Formal operational stage

Answer 27

Thinking is based more on abstract principles Become less egocentric Able to consider hypothetical possibilities Can reasons logically Full intellectual ability is attained

Question 28

Tremayne and Tremayne (2004) (Organised sport) (No Real Octopus Makes Enemies Cry)

Answer 28

1. Natural ability 2. Readiness to learn 3. Opportunity to practice, encouragement, support and positive feedback 4. Motivation 5. Enjoyment and sense of competence 6. Competence of coach

Question 29

Play described by Piaget

Answer 29

Symbolic, mastery, Play with Rules

Question 30

What happens in mastery play

Answer 30

Learn motor skills

Question 31

What happens in symbolic play

Answer 31

Make believe

Question 32

Play with rules

Answer 32

Start with made up rules but move towards more standard rules

Question 33

Who else has a play theory

Answer 33

Parton (1932)

Question 34

What was apartments stages? (5)

Answer 34

``` Solitary play Onlooker play Parallel Play Associate play Cooperative play ```