Test 5 Study Guide Flashcards
HIV replicates what?
HIV becomes a parasite for helper T cells and it alters them. (Reverse transcription)
HIV transmission?
Blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk
Subtypes of HIV
HIV 1: composed of 4 groups M,N,O,P (M mutates easily)
A-k have multiple strains
HIV 2: primary infection in Western Africa
Hiv 1: Group M Subtype B is more prevalent
What behaviors increase the risk of HIV?
*unprotected sex
*contact with body fluids
*sharing needles and syringes
*body piercings, tattoos, dental work
*breastfeeding
Signs and symptoms of HIV?
Flu like symptoms, fever, swollen lymph nodes, Weightloss, enlargement of liver and spleen, headache, nausea and vomiting
In women gynological problems that occur with HIV?
Abnormal pap
Genitalia warts
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Vaginitis
How expensive are HIV meds?
500,000 or more
Standard guidelines for starting HIV meds
Initiate antiretroviral drug therapy
What is the goal for antiretroviral therapy? Why would the pt become resistant to meds?
Goal is to bring viral load to undetectable
Resistance happens because of mutations
What do NRTIS do? NNRTIS?
NRTIS: interfere with the ability to make a genetic blueprint of the virus.
NNRTIS: bind directly to the reverse transcriptase and prevents transcription
What do protase inhibitors do? Fusion Inhibitors?
Pi’s interfere with the maturation of the viral copies manage to escape from the host T4 cells. They most likely control the virus.
FI’s blocks the CXCR4 receptor, reserved for people who are resistant to
Common opportunist infections associated with AIDS.
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Candidiasis
Cytomegalies infection
Cryptospordiosis
What is Aids Dementia complex? What are the symptoms?
A neurological condition that causes degeneration of the brain, effectively mood, cognition, and motor functions.
Patients exhibit forgetfulness, limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, delusional thinking, mood range from irritability to euphoria.
What is distal sensory polyneuropathy?
Abnormal sensation, such as burning and numbness in feet and later in the hands. DSP responds well to drug therapy.
What is OSHA recommended when catering for patients with AIDS?
*transport specimens of body fluids in leak proof containers
* clean, disinfect, or discard utility gloves for cleaning
*remove barrier garments asap after leaving client’s room.
If the nurse is exposed, what precautions must be followed?
Report the incident immediately.
The nurse should be tested for HIV antiretrovirals.
If a client with AIDS had diarrhea, what diet is best? What about the nausea/vomiting?
Avoid fibrous foods, lactose, fat and caffeine.
What are common adverse effects with the NRTI, zidovudine?
Anemia and Granulocytopenia
What is Arthritis?
A general condition characterized by inflammation and degeneration of a joint.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
An auto immune disorder of the connective tissue and joints caused by deformity to the joints affected.
What is rheumatoid nodules?
Subcutaneous nodules. A non tender and movable and evident over bony prominences. ( elbow or base of spine)
What finger deformities might be present for RA?
Ulnar deviation/severe neck deformity
What is treatment for RA?
Drug therapy: NSAIDS, steroids, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, immunosuppressants
Supplements
Surgery
What is degenerative joint disease? What are signs and symptoms?
Most common form of arthritis. Wear and tear of joints
What is the nursing management? How can pt avoid putting stress on thier joints?
Teaching client about disease and provide information regarding health, relieving pain, reduce stress, decreasing inflammatory process and preserving joint mobility.
What is gout and what is it characterized by?
A painful metabolic arthritic disorder involving an inflammatory reaction in the joints.
Characterized by hyper uricemia
What is ankylsoing spondylitis and what are the signs and symptoms?
Chronic connective tissue disorder of the spine and surrounding cartilaginous joints.
Signs and symptoms: low back pain, hip pain, and stiffness as the disease progresses
What is Lupus and what are signs and symptoms?
Connective tissues charges and chronic inflammation affect’s skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain and lymph nodes.
What is osteomyelitis and what are the signs and symptoms? What is chronic osteomyelitis characterized by?
Infection in the bone, affects blood supply to the bone and bone necrosis can be difficult to treat.
S/s: acute infection appears suddenly
Chronic infection maybe characterized by a persistent draining sinus.
Describe the S/S of Lyme Disease and how is it contracted?
Progressive symptoms start with rash moves to involve the cardiac, neurological and musculoskeletal system.
Stage 1: bulls eye rash
Midstage: occurs as the organisms proliferates throughout the body
Later symptoms: arthritis and other musculoskeletal problems
What is osteoporosis and who are at risk?
Loss of bone density occurs in older adults and affects more women then men.
What is osteomalacia and how is it treated?
Metabolic bone disease, softening of the bones causing vitamin D deficiency.
Treated: vitamin d supplements, supplements for calcium, adequate nutrition
What are bunions? What causes them? How are they treated?
- (Hallux Valgus) deformity of the great toe
- associates with hereditary arthritis/ improperly fitting shoes
*bunionectomy can remove the bunion
What should the client do with gout address with his/her diet and nutritional status?
Avoid high purine foods,
gradual Weightloss helps reduce serum acid levels
Should avoid: fasting, low carb diets, and rapid weightloss
