Test 5 Study Guide

Question 1

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Answer 1

A specialized agency of the UN leading international efforts to defeat hunger. Goal is to achieve food and security for all and make sure that people have regular access to enough high-quality food and lead active, healthy lives.

Question 2

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer 2

Works worldwide to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable. Universal health coverage, protect a billion more ppl from health emergencies, and provide further billion ppl w/ better health and well-being

Question 3

Codex Alimentarius Commission

Answer 3

Protect the health of consumers, ensure fair practice in their food trade, and promote coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international government and non-governmental organizations

Question 4

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer 4

Provided the foundation for modern food and drug regulation, the original law only required that products include accurate labeling indicating their ingredients. Congress gave the FDA authority to regulate cosmetics, authorized factory inspections, and gave the FDA increased authority to regulate both foods and drugs

Question 5

US Department of Agriculture

Answer 5

Shares responsibility with FDA. Regulates meat, poultry, and eggs.

Question 6

Environmental Protection Agency

Answer 6

Created Air Quality Index (AQI) which is an index for reporting the daily quality of air.

Question 7

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer 7

A national and global resource conducting research and epidemiologic investigations. Works closely with states to monitor and prevent disease through health surveillance, assisting in program implementation, and maintaining health statistics through the National Center for Health Statistics

Question 8

State and Local Health Departments

Answer 8

Local health departments - great deal of autonomy in setting its own structure and function and often raising its own funding
State health departments - collecting vital statistics, running a public health lab, licensing health professionals, administering nutrition programs, and regulating health facilities

Question 9

Consumer Protection Agencies

Answer 9

Any governmental authority that regulates, administers, or enforces Consumer Protection Laws.
Ex - Consumer Product Safety Commission, FDA, Department of Ag and the National Highway Traffic Safety Admin

Question 10

Efficacy

Answer 10

An intervention increased positive outcomes or benefits in the population on which it is investigated

Question 11

Malnutrition

Answer 11

Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat

Question 12

Over-nutrition

Answer 12

The overconsumption of nutrients and food to the point at which health is adversely affected

Question 13

Contaminated Food

Answer 13

-Aflatoxins are a naturally occurring fungi/mold that may grow on peanuts, tree nuts, corn, wheat, and oilseeds. FDA restricts the quantity of aflatoxins.
-Residual pesticides used on fruits and veggies and residual antibiotics used to increase the weight of animals
-Glass or metal products or food products such as nut or seafood shells by be included

Question 14

One Health Movement

Answer 14

Asserts that human health is dependent on animal health and the health of the ecosystem. Initially developed by the vet med community it has been widely accepted by national and international orgs

Question 15

Zoonotic Disease

Answer 15

Disease that exists in animals but can be transmitted to humans

Question 16

Dietary Supplements

Answer 16

A category within FDA law that includes vitamins, minerals, and many herbal remedies

Question 17

Outbreak

Answer 17

An increased number of cases of a disease over a defined time period in which affected individuals share a characteristic in common

Question 18

Micronutrients

Answer 18

Vitamins and minerals that in small quantities are considered essential to good health

Question 19

Food Security

Answer 19

As defined by the WHO, requires that all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

Question 20

FAO

Answer 20

Food and Agriculture Organization

Question 21

WHO

Answer 21

World Health Organization - main purpose is to promote health, keep the world safe, and serve the vulnerable

Question 22

CAC

Answer 22

FAO/WHO joint program

Question 23

FDA

Answer 23

US food safety - responsible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and vet drugs, biological, products, and medical devices; and by ensuring the safety of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation

Question 24

USDA

Answer 24

Regulation of meat, poultry, and eggs - provide leadership on food, agriculture, natural resources, rural development, nutrition, and related issues based on public policy, the best available science, and effective management

Question 25

EPA

Answer 25

regulation of pesticide usage and water/air quality standards - protects people and the environment from significant health risks, sponsors and conducts research, and develops and enforces environmental regulations

Question 26

Local and State Public Health agencies

Answer 26

inspections and outbreak investigations - assure and adequate local PH infrastructure, promote healthy communities and healthy behaviors, prevent the spread of communicable disease, protect against environmental health hazards, prepare for and respond to emergencies

Question 27

Consumer protection agencies

Answer 27

education for food prep, storage and purchasing

Question 28

How do most food borne illnesses start? Are they considered outbreaks?

Answer 28

Food can be a vehicle for transmission of disease pathogens and yes

Question 29

What does the FDA monitor and not monitor in terms of drugs/vaccines/supplements?

Answer 29

Food, drugs, medical devices, radiation-emitting products, vaccines, blood, biologics, animal, vet, cosmetics, tobacco products

Question 30

What are the core functions for public health as defined by IOM?

Answer 30

Assessment - obtaining data that define health of specific groups/populations
Policy Development - evidence based recommendations/develop programs & policy
Assurance - responsibility and oversight of key components of the health systems

Question 31

10 essential public health services

Answer 31

monitor, diagnose, inform, mobilize, develop, enforce, link, ensure, evaluate, research

Question 32

What is the FDA’s process for assessing safety and effectiveness of drugs/what are the FDA’s phases for drug clinical trials?

Question 33

What functions do local/state health departments do?

Answer 33

State - collect vitals, public health labs, licensing health professionals, nutrition programs, regulate health facilities, drinking water reg, state Medicaid, medical examiner
Local - immunizations those not covered by private system, disease surveillance and investigation outbreaks, disease control, inspection/licensing restaurants, environmental health surveillance, coordinating PH screening programs

Question 34

How many steps are there in a food borne outbreak investigation? What are they?

Answer 34

1) detecting possible outbreak PH surveillance - cluster
2) defining and finding cases - case definition
3) generation hypothesis - likely sources
4) testing hypothesis
5) finding point of contamination/source traceback
6) control of outbreak
7) deciding the outbreak is over

Question 35

Who is the primary investigator for community based food borne illnesses?

Answer 35

FDA

Question 35

What are examples of climate impacts on human health?