Test 5 _ Ch14

Question 1

Somatic NS
Effector

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle

Question 2

Autonomic NS
Effector

Answer 2

Smooth/cardiac muscle, glands

Question 3

Somatic NS
Regulation

Answer 3

Controls conscious/unconscious movements skeletal muscle

Question 4

Autonomic NS
Regulation

Answer 4

Unconscious regulation, although influenced by conscious mental functions

Question 5

Somatic NS
Response to stimulation

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle contracts

Question 6

Autonomic NS
Response to stimulation

Answer 6

Target tissues stimulated/inhibited

Question 7

Somatic NS
Neuron Arrangement

Answer 7

One neuron extends from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscle.

Question 8

Autonomic NS
Neuron Arrangement

Answer 8

There are two neurons in series; the preganglionic neuron extends from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion, and the postganglionic neuron extends from the autonomic ganglion to the target tissue.

Question 9

Somatic NS
Neuron Cell body location

Answer 9

Neuron cell bodies are in motor nuclei of the cranial nerves and in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

Question 10

Autonomic NS
Neuron Cell Body Location

Answer 10

Preganglionic neuron cell bodies are in autonomic nuclei of the cranial nerves and in the lateral part of the spinal cord; postganglionic neuron cell bodies are in autonomic ganglia.

Question 11

Somatic NS
Number of synapses

Answer 11

One synapse between the somatic motor neuron and the skeletal muscle

Question 12

Autonomic NS
Number of synapses

Answer 12

Two synapses; first is in the autonomic ganglia, and second is at the target tissue

Question 13

Somatic NS
Myelination of axons

Answer 13

Myelinated

Question 14

Autonomic NS
Myelination of Axons

Answer 14

Preganglionic axons are myelinated; postganglionic axons are unmyelinated.

Question 15

Somatic NS
Neurotransmitter Substance

Answer 15

Acetylcholine

Question 16

Autonomic NS
Neurotransmitter Substance

Answer 16

Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine; postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine, norepinephrine, or epinephrine.

Question 17

Somatic NS
Receptor Molecules

Question 18

Autonomic NS
Receptor Molecules

Answer 18

In autonomic ganglia, receptor molecules for acetylcholine are nicotinic; in target tissues, receptor molecules for acetylcholine are muscarinic. In target tissues, receptor molecules for norepinephrine are either α- or β-adrenergic.

Question 19

Sympathetic Division
Location of Preganglionic Cell Body

Answer 19

Lateral horns of thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord gray matter (T1-L2)

Question 20

Parasympathetic Division
Location of Preganglionic Cell Body

Answer 20

Brainstem and lateral horns of the sacral region of the spinal cord gray matter (S2-S4)

Question 21

Sympathetic Division
Outflow from the CNS

Answer 21

Spinal nerves (postganglionic axons)
Sympathetic nerves (postganglionic axons)
Splanchnic nerves (preganglionic axons)

Question 22

Parasympathetic division
Outflow from the CNS

Answer 22

Cranial nerves (preganglionic axons)
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (preganglionic axons)

Question 23

Sympathetic Division
Ganglia

Answer 23

Sympathetic chain ganglia along spinal cord for spinal and sympathetic nerves; collateral ganglia for splanchnic nerves

Question 24

Parasympathetic Division
Ganglia

Answer 24

Terminal ganglia near or on effector organ

Question 25

Sympathetic Division
Number of Postganglionic Neurons for Each Preganglionic Neuron

Answer 25

Many (much divergence)

Question 26

Parasympathetic Division
Number of Postganglionic Neurons for Each Preganglionic Neuron

Answer 26

Few (less divergence)

Question 27

Sympathetic Division
Relative Length of Neurons

Answer 27

Short preganglionic
Long postganglionic

Question 28

Parasympathetic Division
Relative Length of Neurons

Answer 28

Long preganglionic
Short postganglionic