Test 5 Flashcards
What does the term “functional assessment” refer to?
A variety of approaches that attempt to identify the ______ and consequences for problem behaviors.
antecedents
Define the term “functional analysis”
is the systematic manipulation of _____ events to experimentally test their role as antecedents or consequences in controlling or manipulating specific problem behaviors.
environmental
______ _____ to see if the self-injurious behavior was being maintained by adult attention. a variety of toys were placed in the room and the child and modifier went into the room together .the modifier ignored the child and only interacted w/the child when they engaged in the problem behavior.
attention condition
the _____ ______ is to see if the self injurious behavior was maintained by escape
from demands.. the modifier and the child went into the room together and the modifier prompted the child to perform some task that the child found difficult. if the child engaged in the behavior the modifier would stop making demands for 30 seconds.
alone condition was to see if the behavior was a form of sensory reinforcement when the child was alone. no toys, the child was in the room alone being observed though a windo
demand condition
_____ _____ was to test whether self injurious behavior occurred in the absence of the 3 conditions.toys were present and the modifier reinforced the child’s appropriate play behavior
control condition
______ ______ -when one directly assesses the effects of potential controlling variables on the problem.
Functional Analysis
____ __ ______- if the client is verbal they may say why he/she engages in a particular behavior. if they are nonverbal people familiar with the client may be able to provide the necessary information. a more structured way is to administer a questionnaire that asks a standardized series of relevant questions (QABF and FAST)
Interview and Questionnaires
_____ _____ ______-one carefully observes and describes the antecedent and immediate consequences of the problem in its natural setting.
Observational Functional Assessments
What is another name for “sensory reinforcement”, and what assumption is the other name based on?
_____ ______ : because is assumed that the behavior itself is automatically reinforced without producing any consequences that another person can detect.
AUTOMATIC REINFORCEMENT
What is a strong indicator that a problem behavior is being maintained as a way of escaping from demands?
A strong indicator is that the individual engages in the ______ only when certain types of demands or request are made.
EX: a child engaging in self-injurious behaviors when asked to perform educational tasks.
behavior
In a sentence for each, outline the six major causes of operant problem behaviors described in this chapter.
Problem behaviors maintained by social positive reinforcement.
Problem behaviors maintained by social negative reinforcement.
Problem behaviors maintained by internal-self stimulatory positive reinforcement.
Problem behavior maintained by external-self sensory positive reinforcement.
Problem behavior maintained by internal sensory negative reinforcement.
Problem behavior maintained by _____ sensory negative reinforcement.
external
What are the two fundamental sources of reinforcement that maintain behavior? How can they be delivered?
positive and negative reinforcers
And that is delivered either by _____ or _____ ______
social ; automatic behavior.
List the three approaches to a functional behavioral assessment (FBA).
a. Direct Observation
b. Informant Methods
c. ______ ________
Functional Analysis
Explain, in general, what a DRL schedule is. Give an example of one that occurs in everyday life. A schedule in which the reinforcer is presented only if a particular response occurs at a ____ ____.
low rate
Define limited-responding DRL, and give an example.
Specifies a ______ allowable number of responses during a certain time interval in order for a reinforcer to occur. For example, reinforcer occurs if there are 3 or less talk-outs at the end of a 50 minute interval.
maximum
Define spaced-responding DRL, and give an example.
The reinforcer would be given only when the response is given after a few intervals. For example, a student that always gives the ____ ____ only gets called on after a few other students get the chance to answer.
correct answer
What is a punisher? Give an example that you experienced, and identify both the response and the punisher.
An immediate consequence of an operant behavior that causes that behavior to ____ in frequency.
decrease
State the principle of punishment.
If, in a given situation, someone does something that is immediately followed by a punisher, then that person is ____ likely to do the same thing again when she or he next encounters a similar situation.
less
